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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 22.
Published in final edited form as: Psychol Assess. 2014 Mar 3;26(2):642–659. doi: 10.1037/a0036213

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Illustrative path diagrams of (A) correlated-factor, (B) second-order factor, and (C) bifactor models. Y1–Y12 are 12 items; η1–η4 are the four factors.