Table 2.
Recorded psychotropic medication use before/during early pregnancy in women with severe mental illness
| Medication | 90 days pre pregnancy, N (%) | 1 st trimester, N (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole sample | Non-affective | Affective | Whole sample | Non-affective | Affective | |
| N = 450 | N = 234 | N = 216 | N = 445 | N = 232 | N = 213 | |
| No regular medication | 126 (28.0) | 61 (26.1) | 65 (30.1) | 133 (29.9) | 65 (28.0) | 68 (31.9) |
| Antipsychotics | 255 (56.7) | 160 (68.4) | 95 (44.0) | 247 (55.5) | 158 (68.1) | 89 (41.8) |
| Olanzapine | 98 (21.8) | 52 (22.2) | 46 (21.3) | 97 (21.8) | 53 (22.8) | 44 (20.7) |
| Risperidone | 56 (12.4) | 37 (15.8) | 19 (8.8) | 52 (11.7) | 36 (15.2) | 16 (7.5) |
| Aripiprazole | 45 (10.0) | 40 (17.1) | 5 (2.3) | 39 (8.8) | 34 (14.7) | 5 (2.4) |
| Quetiapine | 35 (7.8) | 14 (6.0) | 21 (9.7) | 29 (6.5) | 11 (4.7) | 18 (8.5) |
| Haloperidol | 16 (3.6) | 8 (3.4) | 8 (3.7) | 23 (5.2) | 17 (7.3) | 6 (2.8) |
| Trifluoperazine | 8 (1.8) | 6 (2.6) | <5 | 9 (2.0) | 7 (3.0) | <5 |
| Chlorpromazine | <5 | <5 | <5 | 7 (1.6) | <5 | <5 |
| Flupenthixol | 8 (1.8) | 8 (3.4) | 0 | 8 (1.8) | 8 (3.5) | 0 |
| Other 1 | 24 (5.3) | 18 (7.7) | 6 (2.8) | 23 (5.2) | 18 (7.8) | 5 (2.4) |
| Mood stabilisers | 82 (18.2) | 21 (9.0) | 61 (28.2) | 74 (16.6) | 18 (7.8) | 56 (26.3) |
| Sodium Valproate | 41 (9.1) | 15 (6.4) | 26 (12.0) | 34 (7.6) | 13 (5.6) | 21 (9.9) |
| Lithium | 24 (5.3) | <5 | 22 (10.2) | 21 (4.7) | <5 | 20 (9.4) |
| Lamotrigine | 11 (2.4) | <5 | 8 (3.7) | 12 (2.7) | <5 | 9 (4.2) |
| Carbamazepine/Topimarate | 9 (2.0) | <5 | 6 (2.8) | 9 (2.0) | <5 | 6 (2.8) |
| Antidepressants | 107 (23.8) | 39 (16.7) | 68 (31.5) | 103 (23.2) | 37 (16.0) | 66 (31.0) |
| Citalopram/ Escitalopram | 25 (5.6) | 11 (4.7) | 14 (6.5) | 28 (6.3) | 11 (4.7) | 17 (8.0) |
| Fluoxetine | 28 (6.2) | 7 (3.0) | 21 (9.7) | 25 (5.6) | 8 (3.5) | 17 (8.0) |
| Sertraline | 15 (3.3) | 8 (3.4) | 7 (3.2) | 17 (3.8) | 9 (3.9) | 8 (3.8) |
| Venlafaxine | 18 (4.0) | 5 (2.1) | 13 (6.0) | 16 (3.6) | 5 (2.2) | 11 (5.2) |
| Mirtazepine | 15 (3.3) | <5 | 11 (5.1) | 11 (2.5) | <5 | 7 (3.3) |
| Other 2 | 16 (3.6) | 7 (3.0) | 9 (4.2) | 17 (3.8) | 5 (2.2) | 12 (5.6) |
| Polypharmacy* | ||||||
| 2 agents | 104 (23.1) | 49 (20.9) | 55 (25.5) | 97 (21.8) | 49 (21.1) | 48 (22.5) |
| >2 agents | 31 (6.9) | 13 (5.6) | 18 (8.3) | 33 (7.4) | 13 (5.6) | 17 (8.0) |
| Anxiolytics 3 | 40 (7.5) | 34 (6.5) | ||||
| Lorazepam | 13 (2.9) | 9 (3.9) | 4 (1.9) | 9 (2.0) | 5 (2.2) | <5 |
| Diazepam | 10 (2.2) | <5 | 8 (3.7) | 8 (1.8) | <5 | 5 (2.4) |
| Other 3 | 14 (3.1) | 7 (3.0) | 7 (3.2) | 12 (2.7) | <5 | 8 (3.8) |
| Sedatives | 35 (7.8) | 15 (6.4) | 20 (9.3) | 37 (8.3) | 16 (6.9) | 21 (9.9) |
| Promethazine | 15 (3.3) | 8 (3.4) | 7 (3.2) | 21 (4.7) | 10 (4.3) | 11 (5.2) |
| Zopiclone/zolpidem | 23 (5.1) | 9 (3.9) | 14 (6.5) | 24 (5.4) | 9 (3.9) | 15 (7.0) |
| Side effects medication | ||||||
| Procyclidine | 18 (4.0) | 10 (4.3) | 8 (3.7) | 14 (3.2) | 9 (3.9) | 5 (2.4) |
1antipsychotic “other” includes: , clozapine (n = 5), amisulpride, clopixol, piportil, prochlorperazine, sulpride.
2antidepressant “other” includes: amitriptiline, dosulepin, dothiepin, duloxetine, imipramine, maprotiline, paroxetine, repoxetine, trancyclopromine, trazodone, trimipramine, tryptophan, lofepramine, selegiline.
3anxiolytics “other” includes: clonazepam, midazolam, chlordiazepoxide.
*refers to any combination of antidepressants, mood stabilisers and antipsychotic.