Table 1.

In vitro evidence of H-1PV oncoselectivity.

Transformed/tumor cells (Tu)	Normal cells (N)	Tu versus N sensitization to H-1PV infection	Reference
Spontaneously transformed human amnion	Normal human amniona	CPE in Tu No toxicity in N	Toolan and Ledinko (1965)
SV40-transformed human (fore)skin fibroblasts	Normal human (fore)skin fibroblastsa	Efficient Tu killing: active DNA and protein synthesis; abundant NS1 phosphorylation; productive Tu infection Minor cytotoxicity, no killing and abortive N infection	Chen et al. (1986, 1989), Faisst et al. (1989), Dupressoir et al. (1989), Van Pachterbeke et al. (1993, 1997), and Muharram et al. (2010)
Squamous cell carcinoma-derived human keratinocytes	Normal human breast skin keratinocytesa
Breast carcinoma-derived human epithelial cells	Normal human mammary gland epithelial cellsa
Hepatoma-derived human cells	Normal human hepatocytesa	Tu killing through apoptosis No NS1 expression and no N killing	Moehler et al. (2001)
Glioma-derived human cells	Normal human astrocytes and gliaa	Cathepsin-mediated Tu death Low NS1 levels and no N killing	Di Piazza et al. (2007) and Lacroix et al. (2010, 2014)
EBV-transformed and lymphoma/leukemia-derived human immune cells	Normal human and rat immune cellsa	Efficient Tu killing and productive Tu infection Retained N viability and abortive N infection	Moehler et al. (2003), Angelova et al. (2009a), Grekova et al. (2010a,b), Moralès et al. (2012), and Raykov et al. (2013)

^aNon-established (low-passage-number) cultures.

CPE, cytopathic effect; EBV, Epstein–Barr virus.