Fig. 8.

Suggested p53 pathway associated with HIV-1.Suggested p53 pathway associated with HIV-1. HIV-1 infection upregulates miR-124a expression (solid arrow), which will increase p53 protein expression (Shi et al., 2013). Human miRNAs let-7c and miR-34a are direct targets of p53 (Tarasov et al., 2007; Boominathan, 2010) and are upregulated as well (dashed arrows). The let-7c, miR-34a and miR-124a upregulation decreases p21 and TASK1 expression (solid lines). Downregulation of restriction factors strengthens the infection process (dashed lines).