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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 22.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Pharmacol. 2014;69:129–176. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-420118-7.00004-4

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Categories of research on abuse-related behavioral and neurobiological effects of abused stimulants in the absence or presence of treatment with candidate medications. A large database now exists on behavioral and neurobiological effects of abused stimulants, and this work provides insight on mechanisms of stimulant addiction. This database also provides a foundation for research to examine effects of candidate medications on abuse-related behavioral and neurobiological effects of abused stimulants. At present, a substantial and growing body of data has examined effects of monoamine transporter inhibitors and substrates on abuse-related behavioral effects of stimulants, whereas a much smaller body of work has addressed effects of these compounds on abuse-related neurobiological effects of stimulants. Optimal candidate medications will reduce expression of abuse-related behavioral effects and reverse abuse-related neurobiological effects of abused stimulants.