Table 3.

Prognostic value of activation type in traumatic or non-traumatic VS/UWS patients

1. Traumatic
Activation	No activation or primary auditory cortex activation	Higher level activation beyond primary auditory cortex	Total
Etiology	Traumatic brain injury	Traumatic brain injury
Good Outcome	4	12	16
Bad Outcome	6	1	7
Total	10	13	23
2. Non-traumatic
Activation	No activation or primary auditory cortex activation	Higher level activation beyond primary auditory cortex	Total
Etiology	Non-traumatic brain injury	Non-traumatic brain injury
Good Outcome	2	0	2
Bad Outcome	11	3	14
Total	13	3	16

In 23 traumatic VS/UWS patients, 12 (92.3%) out of 13 patients with higher level activation beyond primary auditory cortex had a good recovery, whereas 6 (60%) out of 10 traumatic VS/UWS patients with no activation or primary auditory cortex activation had a bad outcome. Outcome differed depending on activation type (P = 0.019, Fisher’s exact testing).

In 16 non-traumatic VS/UWS patients, 11 (85%) out 13 patients with no or primary auditory cortex activation had a bad outcome. None of 3 patients with higher level activation beyond primary auditory cortex had a good recovery.