Table 2.

mRNA expression of genes associated with a significant increase or decrease in overall survival. Using the publically available database REMBRANDT, we were able to determine in which genes upregulation or downregulation of mRNA expression is associated with significant (P < 0.05) increased or decreased patient overall survival. Upregulation and downregulation are considered to be more than twofold change from expression in nontumor pooled samples. Log-rank P-values were calculated using the Mantel–Haenszel procedure. For each gene that was associated with overall survival, we determined the number of patients that expressed the alteration and calculated the average overall survival in months. Our dataset consisted of 181 GBM patients with a total overall survival of 19.6 months.

GENE	mRNA EXPRESSION	LOG RANK P-VALUE	ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED OR DECREASED SURVIVAL:	AVERAGE OVERALL SURVIVAL (MONTHS)	NUMBER OF PATIENTS WITHmRNA ALTERATION
GDNF	Up-regulated	0.01	Increased	26.3	46
BMP8B	Down-regulated	0.02	Increased	29.1	19
GDF5	Up-regulated	0.04	Increased	24.9	36
BMP5	Up-regulated	0.05	Increased	42.6	7
CHRDL1	Up-regulated	0.05	Increased	39.2	6
RGMA	Down-regulated	0.05	Increased	72.9	2
BMP6	Down-regulated	0.000009	Decreased	8.9	12
GDF15	Down-regulated	0.000065	Decreased	2.2	1
ACVR1B	Down-regulated	0.0014	Decreased	15.5	82
GDNF	Down-regulated	0.01	Decreased	14.0	32
NBL1	Down-regulated	0.01	Decreased	16.6	110
NRTN	Down-regulated	0.01	Decreased	13.5	33
SMAD6	Up-regulated	0.01	Decreased	10.4	10
SOST	Up-regulated	0.01	Decreased	14.0	45
TSKU	Up-regulated	0.01	Decreased	17.8	152
FSTL1	Up-regulated	0.02	Decreased	18.1	154
INHBE	Down-regulated	0.02	Decreased	14.7	39
SMAD1	Up-regulated	0.02	Decreased	15.4	65
TWSG1	Up-regulated	0.02	Decreased	17.5	121