Table 2.
Associations of preterm birth with adiposity and cardiometabolic biomarkers at 3 years postpartum
| N | Mean ± SD | Difference (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |||
|
|
|||||
| Adiposity indicators | |||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 730 | 26.2 ± 6.0 | 1.24 (−0.48, 2.96) | 0.03 (−0.74, 0.81) | 0.06 (−0.72, 0.84) |
| Postpartum weight change (kg)a | 730 | 2.8 ± 7.1 | 0.27 (−1.82, 2.36) | −0.03 (−2.12, 2.07) | 0.07 (−2.03, 2.18) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 735 | 87.4 ± 13.1 | 2.47 (−1.31, 6.24) | 0.00 (−2.32, 2.32) | 0.10 (−2.22, 2.42) |
| Cardiometabolic traits | |||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 733 | 109 ± 12 | 4.93 (1.51, 8.35) | 3.99 (0.82, 7.16) | 2.78 (−0.30, 5.87) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 733 | 67 ± 9 | 2.59 (0.10, 5.07) | 2.13 (−0.28, 4.55) | 1.53 (−0.87, 3.94) |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 179 | 177.6 ± 30.4 | 0.04 (−14.70, 14.77) | −3.34 (−18.36, 11.68) | −3.83 (−18.87, 11.22) |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 179 | 53.6 ± 12.2 | −7.58 (−13.21, −1.95) | −7.01 (−12.50, −1.54) | −6.67 (−12.13, −1.20) |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 179 | 107.3 ± 27.9 | 4.87 (−8.62, 18.37) | 1.29 (−12.40, 14.98) | 0.52 (−13.14, 14.18) |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)b | 179 | 84.8 ± 45.1 | 0.13 (−0.09, 0.34) | 0.10 (−0.12, 0.32) | 0.09 (−0.13, 0.31) |
| HOMA-IRb | 179 | 1.91 ± 2.08 | 0.37 (0.04, 0.70) | 0.25 (−0.05, 0.56) | 0.20 (−0.12, 0.51) |
| CRP (mg/L)b | 570 | 2.16 ± 4.41 | 0.09 (−0.34, 0.52) | 0.00 (−0.39, 0.39) | −0.02 (−0.42, 0.37) |
| IL-6 (pg/mL)b | 571 | 1.70 ± 3.34 | −0.01 (−0.26, 0.25) | −0.05 (−0.31, 0.20) | −0.06 (−0.32, 0.19) |
Model 1 Adjusted for age and race/ethnicity.
Model 2 Model 1 + pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, marital status, and education. Model for SBP is additionally adjusted for SBP during 1st trimester of pregnancy and gestational age at the time of blood pressure assessment.
Model 3 Model 2 + hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Model for HOMA-IR also includes gestational glucose tolerance.
a
Calculated as the difference between weight at time of assessment and self-reported pre-pregnancy weight.
b
Natural log-transformed for regression analysis because of non-normal distribution.