Table 1.
Descriptive statistics and percentage frequencies for key variables.
| PI n = 50 |
NA n = 47 |
EA/FC n = 41 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Session | Session | Session | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |
| Frequency of initiations | 5.9 (12.5) | 7.9 (12.4) | 4.9 (7.2) | 4.1 (6.3) | 6.7 (9.8) | 8.4 (9.9) |
| Duration of Proximity in seconds | 174.5 (123.1) | 165.7 (131.6) | 142.1 (115.4) | 176.0 (124.3) | 157.3 (119.0) | 131.9 (118.8) |
| Frequency of touches | 1.1 (1.6) | 0.4 (0.82) | 0.3 (0.8) | 0.3 (1.0) | 0.8 (1.1) | 0.3 (0.6) |
| Duration of Physical contact in seconds | 9.1 (25.4) | 2.5 (6.7) | 0.6 (2.1) | 3.7 (15.7) | 7.8 (27.2) | 1.6 (7.7) |
| Latency to first initiation in seconds | 286.3 (247.2) | 238.9 (241.2) | 254.5 (231.9) | 224.9 (205.8) | 238.1 (233.6) | 180.2 (210.3) |
| Latency to first approach in seconds | 286.7 (203.9) | 252.8 (223.0) | 364.7 (197.7) | 302.1 (193.3) | 316.6 (214.2) | 315.8 (202.5) |
| Latency to first touch in seconds | 503.2 (267.1) | 526.4 (157.0) | 579.2 (49.2) | 572.3 (73.5) | 491.6 (152.7) | 572.0 (65.6) |
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| Reaction to Experimenter’s Greeting | 0.8 (0.7) | 1.1 (1.0) | 0.8 (0.8) | 1.0 (0.9) | 0.9 (1.0) | 1.2 (1.0) |
| 0: Ignores Completely | 40% | 34% | 47% | 32% | 44% | 34% |
| 1: Orients to Experimenter | 46% | 28% | 30% | 34% | 37% | 29% |
| 2: Brief response | 12% | 26% | 23% | 30% | 7% | 27% |
| 3: Lengthy response | 2% | 12% | 0% | 4% | 12% | 10% |
| Reaction to Toy offering | 2.7 (2.0) | 3.5 (1.8) | 2.6 (1.8) | 3.1 (2.0) | 2.4 (2.2) | 3.2 (2.0) |
| 0: Ignores or Declines | 26% | 14% | 19% | 23% | 34% | 20% |
| 1: Shuts out | 8% | 6% | 13% | 4% | 10% | 7% |
| Experimenter but plays with toy | 0% | 2% | 17% | 2% | 10% | 2% |
| 2: Initially ignores but eventually plays | 24% | 14% | 9% | 6% | 5% | 12% |
| 3: Plays but approaches cautiously | 24% | 34% | 23% | 43% | 17% | 22% |
| 4: Accepts and plays immediately | 14% | 20% | 20% | 17% | 15% | 34% |
| 5: Engages Experimenter | 4% | 10% | 0% | 4% | 10% | 2% |
| 6: Needs Experimenter | ||||||
| Reaction to Play Invitation | 2.0 (1.0) | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.1 (1.2) | 2.5 (1.0) | 2.4 (1.2) | 2.6 (1.0) |
| 0: Ignores or Declines | 12% | 4% | 13% | 9% | 10% | 5% |
| 1: Accepts with encouragement | 14% | 8% | 15% | 4% | 12% | 10% |
| 2: Accepts, more interest in toys | 38% | 24% | 23% | 26% | 24% | 20% |
| 3: Accepts, equal interest in toys and Experimenter | 34% | 58% | 42% | 53% | 39% | 54% |
| 4: Accepts, more interest in Experimenter | 2% | 6% | 6% | 9% | 14% | 12% |
| Physical Intimacy (stranger interaction) | 0.7 (1.0) | 0.4 (0.8) | 0.3 (0.6) | 0.3 (0.7) | 0.7 (0.9) | 0.2 (0.5) |
| 0: None | 58% | 70% | 81% | 81% | 56% | 83% |
| 1: Contact as tool | 24% | 18% | 13% | 11 % | 27% | 12% |
| 2: Low level | 10% | 10% | 4% | 6% | 12% | 5% |
| 3: familiar level | 8% | 2% | 2% | 2% | 5% | 0% |
| Verbal Intimacy (stranger interaction) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.7 (0.6) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.9 (0.5) | 1.8 (0.5) | 1.9 (0.4) |
| 0: None | 18% | 6 % | 15% | 4% | 0% | 0% |
| 1: responses only | 20% | 18% | 17% | 6% | 27% | 20% |
| 2: basic initiations | 62% | 76% | 64% | 85% | 71% | 78% |
| 3: Shared personal information | 0% | 0% | 4% | 4% | 2 % | 3% |
| Physical Intimacy (whole session, Experimenter rated) | 1.4 (1.0) | 1.5 (1.3) | 0.5 (0.6) | 0.6 (1.0) | 1.1 (1.1) | 1.1 (1.1) |
| 0: None | 22% | 28% | 60% | 66% | 39% | 37% |
| 1: Contact as tool | 26% | 24% | 34% | 17% | 29% | 27% |
| 2: Low level | 40% | 28% | 6% | 11% | 20% | 29% |
| 3: familiar level | 10% | 14% | 0% | 4% | 10% | 2% |
| 4: intimate level | 2% | 4% | 0% | 2% | 2% | 5% |
| 5: Invaded privacy | 0% | 2% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| Verbal intimacy (whole session, Experimenter rated) | 1.7 (0.5) | 2.0 (0.5) | 1.9 (0.6) | 2.1 (0.6) | 1.9 (0.6) | 2.2 (0.6) |
| 0: None | 2% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
| 1: responses only | 20% | 14% | 21% | 17% | 24% | 10% |
| 2: basic initiations | 78% | 78% | 64% | 62% | 66% | 63% |
| 3: Shared personal information | 0% | 8% | 15% | 21% | 7% | 24% |
| 4: shared intimate information/asked personal questions | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 2% | 2% |
Note. PI = Post-institutionalized, EA/FC = Early adopted from foster care, NA = Non-adopted. M (SD)