Reaction scheme for purine compounds 18, 20, 19b, 21b–25b and QAP 1. Reagents and conditions: (i) Cs2CO3, binap, Pd(OAc)2, 45 min, MW 160 °C, N-9 protected purine; (ii) TFA, MeOH, 1–3 h, RT (Method A) or (iii) HC1 cat., n-butanol, 24 h, 130 °C, non-protected purine (Method B).