Table I. Baseline characteristics of the study sample.
| Overall (n = 3,250,836) | POBA era (n = 564,565) | BMS era (n = 1,024,243) | DES era (n = 604,453) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (median, IQR), years | 73.0 (69.0,78.0) | 72.0 (68.0,76.0) | 74.0 (69.0,79.0) | 74.0 (69.0,79.0) | <.001 |
| Gender (male) | 1,851,708 (57.0) | 321,741 (57.0) | 576,928 (56.3) | 346,391 (57.3) | <.001 |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Caucasian | 2,941,970 (90.5) | 516,661 (91.5) | 931,136 (90.9) | 540,489 (89.4) | <.001 |
| African American | 168,883 (5.2) | 21,623 (3.8) | 52,594 (5.1) | 36,170 (6.0) | <.001 |
| Asian | 19,920 (0.6) | 514 (0.1) | 6141 (0.6) | 5206 (0.9) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 37,018 (1.1) | 1191 (0.2) | 14,247 (1.4) | 8151 (1.3) | <.001 |
| Other or unknown | 83,045 (2.6) | 24,576 (4.4) | 20,125 (2.0) | 14,437 (2.4) | <.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 379,322 (11.7) | 47,265 (8.4) | 122,105 (11.9) | 80,672 (13.3) | <.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock | 67,843 (2.1) | 10,067 (1.8) | 20,965 (2.0) | 12,489 (2.1) | <.001 |
| Primary diagnosis STEMI | 610,281 (18.8) | 132,725 (23.5) | 193,941 (18.9) | 86,841 (14.4) | <.001 |
| Primary diagnosis NSTEMI | 549,826 (16.9) | 64,249 (11.4) | 173,440 (16.9) | 116,048 (19.2) | <.001 |
| Deyo-Charlson index | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 1.4 ± 1.3 | <.001 |
| Components | |||||
| Any MI | 1,372,978 (42.2) | 229,991 (40.7) | 438,015 (42.8) | 242,822 (40.2) | <.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 562,766 (17.3) | 74,982 (13.3) | 180,507 (17.6) | 115,512 (19.1) | <.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 283,183 (8.7) | 31,147 (5.5) | 91,069 (8.9) | 63,219 (10.5) | <.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 132,719 (4.1) | 19,049 (3.4) | 42,604 (4.2) | 25,548 (4.2) | <.001 |
| Dementia | 6465 (0.2) | 1138 (0.2) | 1985 (0.2) | 1095 (0.2) | <.001 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 489,896 (15.1) | 58,856 (10.4) | 155,345 (15.2) | 106,490 (17.6) | <.001 |
| Rheumatologic disease | 44,919 (1.4) | 5416 (1.0) | 14,560 (1.4) | 9352 (1.5) | <.001 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 35,784 (1.1) | 8084 (1.4) | 11,931 (1.2) | 4851 (0.8) | <.001 |
| Mild liver disease | 4627 (0.1) | 492 (0.1) | 1380 (0.1) | 1166 (0.2) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 729,104 (22.4) | 94,905 (16.8) | 228,488 (22.3) | 154,278 (25.5) | <.001 |
| Diabetes with chronic complications | 61,728 (1.9) | 7494 (1.3) | 20,213 (2.0) | 12,524 (2.1) | <.001 |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 7037 (0.2) | 2092 (0.4) | 1420 (0.1) | 651 (0.1) | <.001 |
| Renal disease | 83,316 (2.6) | 6120 (1.1) | 8080 (0.8) | 18,639 (3.1) | <.001 |
| Any malignancy including leukemia and lymphoma | 64,879 (2.0) | 8379 (1.5) | 20,906 (2.0) | 13,283 (2.2) | <.001 |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 1343 (0.0) | 134 (0.0) | 394 (0.0) | 249 (0.0) | <.001 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 11,164 (0.3) | 1632 (0.3) | 3409 (0.3) | 2255 (0.4) | <.001 |
| AIDS | 239 (0.0) | 7 (0.0) | 51 (0.0) | 67 (0.0) | <.001 |
IQR, Interquartile range; NSTEMI, non–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.