Fig 8. Model of killing and survival-promoting events following treatment with ART.

ART is activated by an Fe(II) source (e.g., heme released from hemoglobin degradation or from the cellular labile iron pool) to produce activated ART (ART*), which is reactive, leading to cellular damage and ultimately to parasite death (shown in black). The parasite mounts a stress response, that manifests as growth retardation and engagement of the proteasome-ubiquitin pathway (shown in red). The stress response in K13 mutants is enhanced (shown in blue). In contrast, epoxomicin inhibits the stress response (shown in green), thus promoting parasite death.