Table 1. Baseline characteristics by categories of the fatty liver index in EPIC-Potsdam a .
| FLI categories women | FLI categories men | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <30 | 30-<60 | ≥60 | <30 | 30-<60 | ≥60 | |
| FLI, median (IQR) | 7.17 (10.4) | 42.5 (15.2) | 77.0 (22.0) | 16.8 (14.5) | 44.0 (13.5) | 78.2 (19.1) |
| n | 878 | 175 | 162 | 201 | 222 | 284 |
| age at baseline, median (IQR) | 45.0 (15.0) | 55.0 (14.0) | 53.0 (16.0) | 51.0 (14.0) | 51.0 (15.0) | 52.0 (14.0) |
| Education, % | ||||||
| no vocational training/ in training/ vocational training | 36.2 | 51.4 | 50.6 | 25.4 | 35.1 | 33.8 |
| technical school | 29.8 | 22.9 | 33.3 | 15.9 | 12.6 | 19.4 |
| technical college or university | 33.9 | 25.7 | 16.1 | 58.7 | 52.3 | 46.8 |
| Occupation, % | ||||||
| sedentary occupation | 64.6 | 58.3 | 55.6 | 58.2 | 55.0 | 55.6 |
| standing occupation | 32.5 | 38.9 | 38.9 | 32.8 | 32.0 | 32.0 |
| (heavy) manual work | 2.96 | 2.86 | 5.56 | 8.96 | 13.1 | 12.3 |
| Smoking status, % | ||||||
| never smoker | 58.5 | 55.4 | 54.9 | 38.3 | 33.8 | 24.7 |
| ex-smoker | 23.9 | 25.1 | 29.0 | 34.3 | 40.5 | 50.7 |
| smoker <20 units/day | 14.6 | 13.1 | 13.6 | 16.4 | 13.5 | 15.9 |
| smoker ≥20 units/day | 2.96 | 6.29 | 2.47 | 11.0 | 12.2 | 8.80 |
| physical activity, median (IQR) b | 2.00 (4.00) | 1.50 (3.50) | 1.00 (3.00) | 2.00 (4.50) | 2.00 (4.00) | 1.00 (3.75) |
| alcohol intake in g/day, median (IQR) | 5.52 (8.91) | 4.63 (9.62) | 4.23 (8.10) | 14.8 (20.9) | 15.8 (19.3) | 20.9 (32.0) |
| red meat intake in g/day, median (IQR) | 30.7 (25.9) | 32.2 (24.6) | 31.9 (29.1) | 41.2 (29.9) | 48.0 (39.4) | 51.9 (39.3) |
| whole-grain bread intake in g/day, median (IQR) | 31.1 (62.8) | 31.4 (57.8) | 28.7 (62.6) | 23.1 (54.9) | 14.1 (50.0) | 16.0 (52.3) |
| coffee intake in g/day, median (IQR) | 300 (300) | 450 (300) | 300 (450) | 450 (386) | 450 (300) | 300 (450) |
| BMI in kg/m², median (IQR) | 23.4 (3.85) | 28.2 (3.26) | 32.7 (5.30) | 23.6 (2.63) | 26.0 (2.52) | 29.1 (3.47) |
| waist circumference in cm, median (IQR) | 74.5 (10.0) | 88.0 (7.40) | 99.0 (12.5) | 85.0 (8.00) | 92.0 (7.00) | 101 (10.3) |
| Biomarker | ||||||
| HDL-cholesterol in mmol/l, median (IQR) | 1.58 (0.48) | 1.45 (0.43) | 1.32 (0.31) | 1.42 (0.47) | 1.26 (0.39) | 1.18 (0.33) |
| LDL-cholesterol in mmol/l, mean (SD) | 2.92 (0.85) | 3.33 (0.98) | 3.25 (0.86) | 3.12 (0.88) | 3.33 (0.83) | 3.26 (0.97) |
| Triglycerides in mmol/l, median (IQR) | 0.92 (0.54) | 1.43 (0.80) | 1.82 (1.26) | 0.98 (0.57) | 1.44 (0.91) | 2.26 (1.55) |
| Total Cholesterol in mmol/l, mean (SD) | 4.98 (1.04) | 5.58 (1.13) | 5.57 (1.05) | 5.01 (1.05) | 5.39 (1.00) | 5.69 (1.08) |
| ALT in U/l, median (IQR) | 15.1 (5.80) | 20.9 (11.6) | 24.4 (12.8) | 19.9 (8.19) | 25.7 (14.0) | 35.1 (21.1) |
| GGT in U/l, median (IQR) | 11.6 (6.96) | 19.7 (15.1) | 27.3 (27.8) | 15.2 (10.5) | 26.9 (23.4) | 43.3 (38.0) |
| ALT in μkat/l, median (IQR) | 0.25 (0.10) | 0.35 (0.19) | 0.41 (0.21) | 0.33 (0.14) | 0.43 (0.23) | 0.59 (0.35) |
| GGT in μkat /l, median (IQR) | 0.19 (0.12) | 0.33 (0.25) | 0.46 (0.46) | 0.25 (0.18) | 0.45 (0.39) | 0.72 (0.64) |
| Fetuin-A in μg/ml, mean (SD) | 269 (63.6) | 274 (61.9) | 280 (62.3) | 257 (57.6) | 264 (55.2) | 264 (52.5) |
| CRP in nmol/l, median (IQR) | 4.42 (11.1) | 15.5 (30.9) | 30.9 (44.2) | 2.23 (6.69) | 5.57 (11.1) | 8.91 (15.6) |
| Adiponectin in μg/ml, median (IQR) | 9.69 (5.13) | 8.23 (4.85) | 7.29 (3.90) | 7.20 (3.92) | 6.04 (3.13) | 5.38 (2.94) |
| Glucose in mmol/l, median (IQR) | 5.39 (0.79) | 5.64 (0.97) | 5.70 (0.91) | 5.53 (0.86) | 5.80 (0.95) | 5.93 (1.08) |
| HbA1c in mmol/mol, median (IQR) | 33.7 (5.79) | 35.7 (7.32) | 37.5 (7.32) | 34.1 (5.68) | 35.7 (6.78) | 36.3 (8.03) |
IQR, interquartile range; FLI, fatty liver index; ALT, alanine transaminase; GGT, γ-glutamyltransferase; CRP, C-reactive protein
a women: n = 1215; men: n = 707
b Sum of biking and sporting activities in h/week