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. 2015 Apr 22;11(4):e1004851. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004851

Fig 5. TOR inhibits appressorium formation downstream of cAMP/ PKA signaling.

Fig 5

Treating spore suspensions with 10 mM cAMP did not induce appressorium formation by Δasd4 mutant strains on hydrophobic (A) or (unlike WT) non-inductive hydrophilic surfaces (B). Treatment with 55 nM rapamycin (C and D) induced appressorium formation by Δcpka mutant strains on non-inductive hydrophilic surfaces but did not induce appressorium formation by Δpmk1 mutant strains on any surface. (A-D) Mean appressorial formation rates were determined at 24 hpi from 50 spores per hydrophilic slide or hydrophobic coverslip, repeated in triplicate. NT = no treatment. Error bars are the standard deviation. Bars with different letters are significantly different (Student’s t-test p ≤ 0.05). (E) Appressorium formation requires functional cAMP/ PKA- and MAP kinase-signaling pathways, and Asd4-dependent inactivation of TOR downstream of cPKA.