Effect of α-adrenergic blockade on sympatho-adrenomedullary and sympatho-neural system activation under non-stress and stress conditions. (A) Composite gene expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), dopamine β-hydroxylase (Dbh), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (Pnmt) in the adrenal. (B) Individual gene expression for Th, Dbh, and Pnmt in the adrenal. (C) Composite gene expression of Th and Dbh in thoracic sympathetic ganglia. (D) Individual gene expression for Th and Dbh in thoracic sympathetic ganglia. # P = .05, * P < .05, **P < .01 vs. respective control.