. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 29.

Published in final edited form as: J Affect Disord. 2014 Oct 22;172:390–396. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.10.032

Table 2.

Summary of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) Score and Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) Scores According to Migraine Status

Index	No Migraine (N=949)	Any Migraine (N=372)	Migraine with Aura (N=122)	Migraine without Aura (N=250)	P-value^**
Depression PHQ-9 Total Score
Mean ± SD	5.3 ± 3.5	6.2 ± 3.6^*	6.6 ± 3.8	6.0 ± 3.5	<0.001
Median (IQR)	5 (3–7)	6 (3–9)^*	6 (3–9)	5 (3–8)	<0.001
DASS Total Score
Mean ± SD	15.9 ± 13.1	19.5 ± 13.9^*	22.7 ± 16.3	18.0 ± 12.4	<0.001
Median (IQR)	14 (8–22)	16 (10–26)^*	20 (12–30)	16 (10–24)	<0.001
DASS Depression Sub-scale Score
Mean ± SD	4.1 ± 4.8	5.0 ± 5.3^*	6.0 ± 5.9	4.5 ± 4.9	<0.001
Median (IQR)	2 (0–6)	4 (2–8)^*	4 (2–8)	4 (2–6)	<0.001
DASS Anxiety Sub-scale Score
Mean ± SD	3.4 ± 4.1	4.3 ± 4.2^*	5.2 ± 5.2	3.8 ± 3.6	<0.001
Median (IQR)	2 (0–4)	4 (2–6)^*	4 (2–8)	4 (0–6)	<0.001
DASS Stress Sub-scale Score
Mean ± SD	8.5 ± 6.6	10.3 ± 6.9^*	11.5 ± 7.9	9.7 ± 6.4	<0.001
Median (IQR)	8 (4–12)	10 (6–14)^*	10 (6–16)	10 (4–14)	<0.001

P-value <0.05 in 2-sample student t test comparing any migraine versus no migraine

^**

P-value from ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric ANOVA