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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2015 Mar 20;61(5):1591–1602. doi: 10.1002/hep.27665

Figure 4. Anti-PD-1 treatment combined with sorafenib and AMD3100 enhances anti-tumor immune responses in HCC.

Figure 4

(A) Representative H&E staining showing rare areas of necrosis in untreated tumors, and some necrotic areas in sorafenib or anti-PD-1 antibody only treated HCA1 tumors. Sorafenib plus AMD3100 treatment results in further enhancement of tumor necrosis, and triple combination treatment results in extensive necrosis, with lymphocytic immune cell infiltration in the necrotic areas (H&E Staining, 10× magnification). (B) Representative immunoflorescence staining for CD8+ T cells (FITC, green) and cleaved caspase-3 (Cy5, red) in frozen HCA1 tumor sections. Counterstaining of nuclei by DAPI (blue). Tumor infiltrating cytotoxic CD8+ cells co-localized with areas of cell apoptosis only in the triple combination treatment group.