. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Pharmacogenomics J. 2014 Sep 30;15(3):255–262. doi: 10.1038/tpj.2014.59

Table 3.

Association of analgesic adjuncts with respiratory depression, pain outcomes and morphine consumption

Variable	Acetaminophen n = 44 (50%)	No Acetaminophen n = 44 (50%)	P-value
Pain score, mean ±s.d.	4.44 ±1.37	4.68 ±1.59	0.43
Morphine mg/kg, mean ±s.d.	1.62 ±0.60	2.13 ±0.75	0.0008
Number of patients with MIRD	16	11	0.25
	Ketorolac n =33 (38%)	No Ketorolac n =55 (62%)
Pain score, mean ±s.d.	4.65 ±1.45	4.51 ±1.52	0.67
Morphine mg/kg, mean ±s.d.	1.88 ±0.77	1.86 ±0.70	0.93
MIRD	10	17	0.95
	Diazepam n =74 (84%)	No diazepam n =14 (16%)
Pain score, mean ±s.d.	4.68 ±1.38	3.92 ±1.9	0.17
Morphine mg/kg, mean ±s.d.	1.87 ±0.69	1.88 ±0.90	0.95
MIRD	21	6	0.28

Abbreviation: MIRD, morphine-induced respiratory depression. Acetaminophen group includes patients who received intravenous acetaminophen (10 mg/kg to a maximum of 1000 mg per dose every 6 h); Ketorolac group includes patients who received ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg (maximum 30 mg) every 6 h; and diazepam group includes patients who received intravenous diazepam 0.05 mg/kg every 4 h as needed for muscle spasm.