Figure 2.

Cytotoxicity and Cell Death upon UBB⁺¹ Expression

(A) Growth on solid media. Cultures were spotted in serial dilutions onto solid media inducing or repressing expression.

(B) Growth in liquid media. Left, growth curves. Right, cell densities during stationary phase.

(C) Yeast cells were evaluated for clonogenicity (colony forming units [CFUs]) at the indicated time points after inducing expression.

(D) Oxidative stress levels (DHE staining) were measured using a fluorescence plate reader at the indicated time points after inducing expression.

(E and F) Apoptosis and necrosis. (E) 2 days after inducing expression, yeast cells were measured for (early) apoptosis (Annexin V⁺/PI⁻), necrosis (Annexin V⁻/PI⁺), and (late) apoptosis/secondary necrosis (Annexin V⁺/PI⁺). (F) TUNEL-positive cells are referred to be apoptotic.

Data: mean values (B–F). Error bars: SD (B), and SE (C–F), respectively. p values: ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. See Table S1 and Figure S2.