TABLE 2.
Prevalence of Enrollment in EI Program Services by 3 Years Old by Selected Characteristics, MA, 1998–2008
| Prevalence of Enrollment in EI Program Services, %
|
Prevalence Risk Ratioa
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Late Preterm (N = 6423) | Early Term (N = 17 240) | Term (N = 49 084) | Late Preterm (N = 6423) | Early Term (N = 17 240) | Term (N = 49 084) | |
| Infant characteristics | ||||||
| Infant gender | ||||||
| Boy | 27.0 | 18.3 | 15.5 | 1.39 (1.32–1.45) | 1.67 (1.61–1.72) | 1.85 (1.82–1.89) |
| Girl | 19.3 | 11.0 | 8.3 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Congenital anomaliesb | ||||||
| Yes | 35.6 | 23.2 | 17.0 | 1.55 (1.46–1.65) | 1.49 (1.43–1.56) | 1.31 (1.27–1.35) |
| No | 22.3 | 14.3 | 11.6 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Maternal demographics | ||||||
| Maternal age, y | ||||||
| <20 | 27.1 | 19.5 | 16.1 | 0.91 (0.83–1.00) | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) |
| 20–24 | 25.8 | 17.1 | 13.4 | 0.99 (0.92–1.07) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) |
| 25–29 | 22.4 | 13.7 | 11.0 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 30–34 | 21.5 | 13.6 | 11.1 | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 1.07 (1.03–1.12) | 1.10 (1.07–1.12) |
| 35–39 | 24.2 | 14.9 | 11.8 | 1.16 (1.08–1.24) | 1.18 (1.13–1.24) | 1.16 (1.13–1.20) |
| 40–44 | 24.9 | 15.4 | 13.1 | 1.20 (1.08–1.34) | 1.21 (1.13–1.30) | 1.29 (1.23–1.35) |
| 45+ | 29.2 | 15.0 | 14.3 | 1.51 (0.98–2.35) | 1.24 (0.79–1.93) | 1.47 (1.07–2.00) |
| Maternal education | ||||||
| No HS or GED | 29.9 | 21.1 | 17.7 | 1.20 (1.12–1.28) | 1.24 (1.19–1.30) | 1.29 (1.25–1.32) |
| HS or GED | 24.1 | 15.3 | 12.4 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Any post HS | 21.1 | 13.1 | 10.4 | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 0.97 (0.94–1.01) | 0.94 (0.92–0.96) |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 23.4 | 14.5 | 11.4 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| African American, non-Hispanic | 22.9 | 15.3 | 13.1 | 0.83 (0.77–0.89) | 0.89 (0.84–0.94) | 1.00 (0.97–1.04) |
| Hispanic | 26.9 | 19.3 | 16.2 | 1.09 (1.01–1.17) | 1.21 (1.16–1.27) | 1.28 (1.24–1.32) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 17.6 | 9.9 | 8.3 | 0.88 (0.79–0.99) | 0.81 (0.75–0.87) | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) |
| Other | 23.7 | 13.9 | 11.6 | 1.00 (0.86–1.15) | 0.92 (0.83–1.03) | 0.97 (0.91–1.03) |
| Delivery payer source | ||||||
| Private | 20.8 | 12.9 | 10.4 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Public | 28.0 | 18.9 | 15.4 | 1.34 (1.26–1.42) | 1.41 (1.36–1.47) | 1.41 (1.38–1.44) |
| Other | 15.5 | 9.5 | 8.3 | 0.75 (0.52–1.08) | 0.73 (0.58–0.92) | 0.83 (0.73–0.95) |
| Mother’s language preference | ||||||
| English | 23.9 | 14.9 | 11.9 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Not English | 20.1 | 14.2 | 12.2 | 0.78 (0.71–0.86) | 0.86 (0.82–0.92) | 0.89 (0.86–0.93) |
| Maternal nativity | ||||||
| US-born | 24.4 | 15.5 | 12.2 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Non US-born | 20.8 | 13.2 | 11.1 | 0.85 (0.79–0.91) | 0.79 (0.75–0.83) | 0.78 (0.76–0.81) |
| Reproductive history | ||||||
| Parity | ||||||
| 1 | 22.8 | 13.9 | 11.1 | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| 2 | 23.0 | 15.0 | 12.2 | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 1.08 (1.04–1.11) | 1.10 (1.08–1.12) |
| 3 | 24.6 | 15.7 | 12.8 | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 1.07 (1.02–1.11) | 1.08 (1.05–1.11) |
| 4 or more | 27.4 | 17.5 | 14.3 | 1.04 (0.96–1.13) | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | 1.10 (1.06–1.13) |
GED, General Educational Development high school equivalency examination; HS, high school.
Adjusted for all variables included in the table.
Congenital anomalies included anencephaly, spina bifida, hydrocephalus, microcephalus, other central nervous system anomaly, heart malformations, other circulatory/respiratory disorder, rectal atresia/stenosis, tracheo-esophageal fistula, omphalocele, gastroschisis, other gastrointestinal anomalies, malformed genitalia, renal agenesis, other urogenital anomalies, cleft lip/pal ate, polydactyly, syndactyly, adactyly, clubfoot, diaphragmatic hernia, other musculoskeletal anomaly, Down syndrome, other chromosomal anomaly, and other diagnosis without category.