Table 2.
lncRNAs with cancer biomarker potential.
| lnc-RNA | Cancer type | Reference | Oncogene Tumor suppressor | Biomarker usability potential |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HOTAIR | Breast | Gupta et al. (2010), Bhan et al. (2013), Wang et al. (2013) | Oncogene | Predictor of metastasis and poor survival |
| Liver | Geng et al. (2011), Yang et al. (2011), Ishibashi et al. (2013) | Oncogene | Predictor of recurrence and poor survival | |
| Colorectal | Kogo et al. (2011) | Oncogene | Predictor of liver metastasis and pool survival | |
| Gastric | Hajjari et al. (2013) | Oncogene | Predictor of lymph node metastasis | |
| Pancreas | Kim et al. (2013) | Oncogene | Predictor of poor survival | |
| Lung | Liu et al. (2013a), Nakagawa et al. (2013) | Oncogene | Predictor of metastasis and poor survival | |
| Esophagus | Lv et al. (2013) | Oncogene | Predictor of metastasis and poor survival | |
| Cervical | Huang et al. (2014) | Oncogene | Predictor of metastasis and poor survival | |
| MALAT1 | Lung adenocarcinoma | Ji et al. (2003), Gutschner et al. (2013) | Oncogene | Predictor of metastasis and poor survival |
| Liver | Lai et al. (2012) | Oncogene | Predictor of recurrence after liver transplantation | |
| Colorectal | Zheng et al. (2014) | Oncogene | Predictor of poor postoperative prognosis | |
| Cervical | Guo et al. (2010) | Oncogene | ||
| Bladder | Ying et al. (2012), Han et al. (2013) | Oncogene | Predictor of metastasis | |
| Uterine | Yamada et al. (2006) | Oncogene | ||
| Osteosarcoma | Fellenberg et al. (2007) | Oncogene | Predictor of poor response to chemotherapy | |
| H19 | Esophagus | Hibi et al. (1996) | Oncogene | |
| Breast | Lottin et al. (2002) | Oncogene | ||
| Lung | Kondo et al. (1995) | Oncogene | ||
| Bladder | Ariel et al. (2000) | Oncogene | ||
| Ovarian | Kim et al. (1998) | Oncogene | ||
| Cervical | Kim et al. (2002) | Oncogene | ||
| Osteosarcoma | Ulaner et al. (2003) | Oncogene | ||
| Neck squamous carcinoma | el-Naggar et al. (1999) | Oncogene | ||
| Liver | Matouk et al. (2007) | Oncogene | ||
| ncRAN | Neuroblastoma | Bown et al. (1999), Yu et al. (2009) | Oncogene | Predictor of poor survival |
| Bladder | Zhu et al. (2011) | Oncogene | ||
| Colorectal | Qi et al. (2014) | Tumor suppressor | Low level predicts poor survival | |
| HULC | Liver | Panzitt et al. (2007), Matouk et al. (2009), Liu et al. (2012) | Oncogene | Diagnostics |
| GAS5 | Breast | Mourtada-Maarabouni et al. (2009) | Tumor suppressor | |
| Kidney | Qiao et al. (2013) | Tumor suppressor | ||
| Pancreas | Lu et al. (2013) | Tumor suppressor | ||
| Bladder | Liu et al. (2013b) | Tumor suppressor | ||
| Lung | Shi et al. (2013) | Tumor suppressor | ||
| Gastric | Sun et al. (2014) | Tumor suppressor | Low level predicts poor prognosis | |
| Pleural mesothelioma | Renganathan et al. (2014) | Tumor suppressor | Low level predicts poor prognosis | |
| Liver | Tu et al. (2014) | Tumor suppressor | Low level predicts poor prognosis | |
| PCA3 | Prostate | Bussemakers et al. (1999), Hessels et al. (2003) | Oncogene | Non-invasive diagnosis by sampling urine or blood |
| Tinzl et al. (2004), Lee et al. (2011) | ||||
| UCA1 | Bladder | Wang et al. (2006) | Oncogene | Non-invasive diagnosis by sampling urine |
| PCGEM1 | Prostate | Petrovics et al. (2004) | Oncogene | High risk predictor |
| PRNCR1 | Prostate | Chung et al. (2011) | Oncogene | High risk predictor |
| MEG3 | Leukemia | Benetatos et al. (2010) | Tumor suppressor | CpG methylation predicts poor survival |
| Pituitary adenoma | Gejman et al. (2008) | Tumor suppressor | ||
| Meningioma | Zhang et al. (2010) | Tumor suppressor | Loss associated with progression | |
| Glioma | Wang et al. (2012) | Tumor suppressor | ||
| NBAT-1 | Neuroblastoma | Pandey et al. (2014) | Tumor suppressor | Loss associated with progression |
| LincRNA–ROR | Liver | Takahashi et al. (2014) | Oncogene | Diagnostics by sampling cancer exosomes; indicator of chemoresistance |
| PCAT1 | Prostate | Prensner et al. (2011) | Oncogene | Associated with progression |