Table 5.

Main involved miRNAs in heart failure.

MicroRNA	Expression in HF	Function in cardiac vascular system
1	Downregulated	Development and function of cardiac and skeletal muscle
15/16	Upregulated	Apoptosis induction
21	Upregulated	Induced in endothelial cells by shear stress; modulates the apoptosis and eNOS activity
195	Upregulated	Involved in myocyte hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy
199a	Upregulated	Essential for maintaining the cardiomyocytes size
133	Downregulated	Development and function of cardiac and skeletal muscle; Regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors
23a	Upregulated	Involved in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy
320	Upregulated	Involved in the regulation of cardiac ischemia injury
208	Upregulated	Stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy, Reduced β-MHC expression