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Level of expressed adhesion molecules in the SAH rats receiving VPA and CCL5 treatment (western blotting). Upper panel: SAH rats (A), SAH animals received 40 mg/kg/day VPA treatment (B) and both 1 ng CCL5 intra-thecal treatment and 40 mg/kg/day VPA treatment (C). Bar graph revealed CCL5 reversed the effect of 40 mg/kg/day VPA on adhesion molecules. Data are showed as mean ± SD. (*: P < 0.01, and #, ##: P > 0.01).
