Table 4.
Adjusted associations between maternal prepregnancy weight status and children's motor function at kindergarten entry, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, United States, 2001-2007
| Outcomes | Underweight (n = 350) RR (95% CI) | Normal weight (n = 2700) RR (95% CI) | Overweight (n = 1050) RR (95% CI) | Obese class I (n = 400) RR (95% CI) | Obese class II and III (n = 300) RR (95% CI) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted for demographics, smoking and enrichment b | ||||||
| Low fine motorc | 0.62 (0.35, 1.11) | 1.00 (Referent) | 0.98 (0.65, 1.47) | 1.47 (1.00, 2.17) | 1.45 (0.84, 2.52) | 0.06 |
| Low gross motord | 1.28 (0.74, 2.22) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.50 (1.10, 2.05) | 1.33 (0.86, 2.05) | 2.16 (1.54, 3.05) | <0.001 |
| Adjusted for demographics, smoking, enrichment and current child weight status e | ||||||
| Low fine motorc | 0.59 (0.33, 1.08) | 1.00 (Referent) | 0.97 (0.63, 1.51) | 1.29 (0.82, 2.03) | 1.49 (0.85, 2.61) | 0.12 |
| Low gross motord | 1.32 (0.77, 2.26) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.42 (1.01, 2.00) | 1.09 (0.65, 1.84) | 1.73 (1.16, 2.58) | 0.05 |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio.
P for the overall adjusted association with prepregnancy weight status.
Models adjusted for child's sex, age at final assessment, year of kindergarten entry, TV hours, number of children's books in the house and typical number of nights parent reads to the child, as well as maternal age, race-ethnicity, parity, schooling, poverty and smoking during pregnancy.
Children who did not successfully pass the gate building assessment and at least half of the copy shape assessments were classified as having low fine motor function.
Children who passed less than half of the gross motor tasks were classified as having low gross motor function.
Models adjusted for all variables above and child weight status at kindergarten entry.