Table 14.
Compilation of causality assessment methods used in suspected HILI cases.
| Herbs Herbal products | Ad hoc (n) | WHO (n) | CIOMS (n) | Naranjo (n) | DILIN (n) | KL (n) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kava | 20 | BfArM, 2002 | |||||
| Kava | 30 | Denham et al., 2002 | |||||
| Kava | 20 | Teschke et al., 2003 | |||||
| Kava | 36 | Stickel et al., 2003 | |||||
| Kava | 80 | Schmidt et al., 2005 | |||||
| Greater Celandine | 23 | BfArM, 2005 | |||||
| Black cohosh | 31 | EMA, 2007 | |||||
| Herbalife products | 12 | Elinav et al., 2007 | |||||
| Herbalife products | 12 | Schoepfer et al., 2007 | |||||
| Kava | 26 | Teschke et al., 2008a | |||||
| Black cohosh | 30 | Mahady et al., 2008 | |||||
| Green tea | 34 | Sarma et al., 2008[ | |||||
| Black cohosh | 4 | Teschke and Schwarzenboeck, 2009 | |||||
| Black cohosh | 9 | Teschke et al., 2009 | |||||
| Kava | 31 | Teschke, 2010a | |||||
| Hydroxycut | 17 | Fong et al., 2010 | |||||
| Black cohosh | 22 | Teschke et al., 2011e | |||||
| Greater Celandine | 22 | Teschke et al., 2011a | |||||
| Herbalife products | 20 | Manso et al., 2011 | |||||
| Various herbs | 45 | Chau et al., 2011 | |||||
| Greater Celandine | 21 | Teschke et al., 2012e | |||||
| Pelargonium sidoides | 15 | Teschke et al., 2012c | |||||
| Pelargonium sidoides | 13 | Teschke et al., 2012d | |||||
| Sum (n) | 63 | 134 | 275 | 64 | 17 | 20 | |
| Sum (percent) | 11.0% | 23.4% | 48.0% | 11.2% | 3.0% | 3.4% |
The data are derived from a study evaluating alternative causes in suspected HILI cases (n = 573) (Teschke et al., 2013g). For the 275 CIOMS cases, causality assessment was performed with the updated CIOMS scale, the original CIOMS scale, or early CIOMS version. Abbreviations: Ad hoc, ad hoc approach; CIOMS, Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences scale; DILIN, Drug Induced Liver Injury Network method; KL, Karch & Lasagna method; Naranjo, Naranjo scale; WHO, World Health Organization method.