Table 5.
Some chracteristics of daily and cumulative doses, treatment duration, latency period, and reexposure period of cases with hepatotoxicity by herbs of traditional and modern medicine.
| Case | Sex Age | Herb Herbal mixture | Daily dose | Cumulative dose | Treatment duration | Latency period | Reexposure duration | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | F/62y | Aloe | 420 mg | 37800 mg | 3.0 month | 2.75 month | 1.0 month | Yang et al., 2010 |
| 2. | M/71y | Chaparral | 1 tablet | 90 tablets | 3.0 month | 3.5 month | 1.0 month | Batchelor et al., 1995 |
| 3. | F/39y | Chinese herbal mixture | n.a. | n.a. | 2.0 month | 2.0 month | 0.1 month | Kane et al., 1995 |
| 4. | F/ 9y | Chinese herbal mixture | n.a. | n.a. | 6.0 month | 5.25 month | 1.0 month | Davies et al., 1990 |
| 5. | F/66y | Chinese Jin Bu Huan | 0–2 tablets | 60 tablets | 3.0 month | 2.75 month | 0.5 month | Woolf et al., 1994 |
| 6. | M/46y | Chinese Jin Bu Huan | 0–3 tablets | 216 tablets | 6.0 month | 6.0 month | 1.0 month | Woolf et al., 1994 |
| 7. | F/52y | Chinese Syo Saiko To | 7.5 g | 338 g | 1.5 month | 1.5 month | 1.0 month | Itoh et al., 1995 |
| 8. | F/58y | Chinese Syo Saiko To | 7.5 g | 675 g | 3.0 month | 3.0 month | 0.25 month | Itoh et al., 1995 |
| 9. | F/42y | Chinese Syo Saiko To | 7.5 g | 158 g | 0.75 month | 0.75 month | 0.07 month | Itoh et al., 1995 |
| 10. | F/54y | Germander | 600 mg | 23,400 mg | 1.3 month | 1.3 month | 1.0 month | Larrey et al., 1992 |
| 11. | F/25y | Germander | n.a. | n.a. | 4.0 month | 4.0month | 0.75 month | Larrey et al., 1992 |
| 12. | M/48y | Germander | 900 mg | 81,000 mg | 3.0 month | 3.75 month | 0.33 month | Larrey et al., 1992 |
| 13. | F/45y | Germander | 260 mg | 468,00 mg | 6.0 month | 6.0 month | 0.25 month | Laliberté and Villeneuve, 1996 |
| 14. | F/42y | Greater Celandine | 600 mg | 162,000 mg | 9.0 month | 2.0 month | 1.5 month | Strahl et al., 1998 |
| 15. | F/56y | Green tea | 14 ml | 210 ml | 4.0 month | 3.3 month | 1.0 month | Jimenez-Saenz and Martinez-Sanchez, 2006 |
| 16. | F/37y | Green tea | n.a. | n.a. | 4.0 month | 4.0 month | 1.0 month | Bonkovsky, 2006 |
| 17. | F/63y | Herbalife | n.a. | n.a. | 4.0 month | 3.5 month | n.a. | Hoffmann et al., 2005 |
| 18. | F/39y | Kava | 60 mg | 10,800 mg | 6.0 month | 6.0.month | 0.5 month | Strahl et al., 1998 |
| 19. | F/49y | Mistletoe | 50 mg | 1500 mg | 1.0 month | 1.0 month | 1.0 month(?) | Harvey and Colin-Jones, 1981 |
| 20. | M/61y | Polygonum multiflorum | n.a. | n.a. | 0.033 month | 0.033 month | 0.033 month | Jung et al., 2011 |
| 21. | F/26y | Senna | 100 mg | 12,000 mg | 4.0 month | 3.0 month | n.a. | Beuers et al., 1991 |
In all 22 hepatotoxicity cases, causality for the respective herb or herbal mixture was ascertained by positive reexposure test results based on established criteria. Unclear: ?, Adapted data from a previous report (Teschke et al., 2014b).