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. 2015 Jan 5;19(2):297–314. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.12447

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© 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig 2 — The evolution of biomarkers concepts. (A) Traditional molecule biomarkers, known as single or a group of several genes and proteins that are static indicators on the disease state; (B) The recent developed network biomarkers, with the integration of knowledge on protein annotations, interactions, and signalling pathways, are static measurements on the disease state; (C) The newly developed dynamic network biomarkers, providing dynamical measurements on the disease state within a systems biology framework.