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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2015 Feb 10;43(3):774–786. doi: 10.1007/s10439-015-1270-2

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

The concept of modularity in the definition, design and processing of scaffold based tissue engineering therapies. Modular scaffold therapy implies the tissue engineering paradigm combining a base 3D structural scaffold, attached proteins/genes, and cells in hydrogels. Modular scaffold design implies image-based Multiscale design allowing patient specific devices. Modular scaffold processing implies 3D Printing as a platform on which fluid based processing outside the operating room (Ex OR) is used to modify the base scaffold and within the operating room (In OR) cells and other biologics are adsorbed on the scaffold.