. 2015 Mar 17;38(5):921–929. doi: 10.2337/dc14-2813

Table 1.

Characteristics of subjects representing the glucose tolerance continuum

	NGT	IGT	T2D	P_{NGT vs. IGT}	P_{NGT vs. T2D}	P_{IGT vs. T2D}
N (male/female)	137 (84/53)	85 (44/41)	91 (44/47)	—	—	—
Age (years)	51 ± 1	61 ± 1	59 ± 1	<0.001	<0.001	ns
Weight (kg)	82.7 ± 1.3	93.9 ± 1.7	87.9 ± 1.6	<0.0001	<0.05	<0.05
BMI (kg/m²)	26.8 ± 0.4	32.5 ± 0.3	30.6 ± 0.6	<0.001	<0.001	<0.05
Adiposity (%)	28.6 ± 1.0	38.2 ± 1.2	37.1 ± 1.1	<0.001	<0.001	ns
VO_2max (mL/kg/min)	37.0 ± 1.1	25.1 ± 0.9	26.2 ± 0.8	<0.0001	<0.0001	ns
VO_2max (L/min)	3.02 ± 0.08	2.32 ± 0.07	2.28 ± 0.07	<0.0001	<0.0001	ns
Fasting plasma total cholesterol (mmol/L)	5.00 ± 0.08	5.15 ± 0.11	5.17 ± 0.10	ns	ns	ns
Fasting plasma triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.15 ± 0.06	1.60 ± 0.09	1.89 ± 0.23	<0.05	<0.001	ns
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	131 ± 2	133 ± 2	141 ± 2	ns	<0.001	<0.05
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)	78 ± 1	80 ± 2	85 ± 1	ns	<0.0001	<0.05
Glycemic control
HbA_1c (%)	5.54 ± 0.08	5.69 ± 0.07	6.59 ± 0.11	ns	<0.0001	<0.0001
HbA_1c (mmol/mol)	37.3 ± 0.8	39.0 ± 0.7	48.9 ± 1.2	ns	<0.0001	<0.0001
Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L)	5.16 ± 0.04	5.63 ± 0.07	7.43 ± 0.22	<0.01	<0.0001	<0.0001
2-h OGTT plasma glucose (mmol/L)	6.05 ± 0.09	9.11 ± 0.09	15.08 ± 0.32	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Si_OGTT (µmol/kg/min/pmol ⋅ L)	0.0606 ± 0.0012	0.0415 ± 0.0018	0.0409 ± 0.0015	<0.0001	<0.0001	ns
GSIS_OGTT (AUC C-peptide [pmol/L ⋅ min])
Early phase	36,083 ± 1,331	45,802 ± 2,661	41,153 ± 1,520	<0.001	ns	ns
Late phase	249,414 ± 8,325	351,893 ± 19,681	255,493 ± 11,131	<0.0001	ns	<0.001
DI_OGTT (arbitrary units)
Early phase	2,085 ± 66	1,677 ± 104	1,665 ± 69	<0.001	<0.001	ns
Late phase	14,470 ± 430	12,840 ± 724	10,202 ± 560	ns	<0.0001	<0.01

Data are means ± SEM. Differences between group means were compared by one-way ANOVA adjusted for multiple comparisons. AUC, area under the curve; early phase, measures made during 0–30 min of OGTT; late phase, measures made during 30–120 min of OGTT.