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Cellular activation in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) among subjects with cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and noncryptococcal meningitis (NCM). Activation of CD4+, CD8+, and natural killer (NK) cells in CSF is shown by HLA-DR expression and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on monocytes and NK cells. CSF was analyzed with flow cytometry at day 0 and day 14 of CM treatment among subjects with CM (n = 21) or NCM (n = 16) at meningitis diagnosis.
