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. 2015 Apr 21;15:34. doi: 10.1186/s12894-015-0030-9

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© Hypolite et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Cystometric evaluation of bladder function upon intravesical instillation of a PKC activator, PMA. A, Representative traces of intravesical pressure (top panel) and voided volume (lower panel) in rats instilled with normal saline. B, Representative traces of intravesical pressure (top panel) and voided volume (lower panel) in rats instilled with high concentration of PMA (50 μM). The rate of infusion was 80 μl/min. C, Perfusion of the urinary bladder in vivo with high PMA induced a significant increase in the frequency of micturition contractions, and a simultaneous decrease in the voided volume. D, Intravesical instillation of PMA also increased voiding frequency from 4 ± 0.5 to 8 ± 0.9 voids over the 2 h period (N = 4 in each group, p ≤ 0.05 to control).