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. 2014 Nov 28;38(4):812–826. doi: 10.1111/pce.12455

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© 2014 The Authors. Plant, Cell & Environment published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Controlled application of heat to whole twigs of Rhododendron ferrugineum. (a) The heat tolerance testing system (HTTS) was used to apply controlled heat to plants in situ under full solar irradiation or in darkness on Mt. Patscherkofel (1960 m.a.s.l.). The exposure chambers of the HTTS were operated in the light mode (1) and in the dark mode (2). (b) Examples of temperatures recorded during the time course of the controlled heat treatment in the exposure chambers. Three different phases can be distinguished: (1) stabilization; (2) heating; and (3) exposure. Solid lines, leaf temperature inside the exposure chambers (black, dark mode; blue, light mode); red line, solar irradiation (PPFD) during the heat treatment.