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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Apr 23.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ Rev. 2015 Mar;105(3):1030–1066. doi: 10.1257/aer.20130758

Table 3.

Welfare Effects

Tax Penalty % Tax Penalty Full Welfare Effect Net Welfare Effect
Baseline: 1250 21.3% 0.051** [0,0.099] 0.041** [0.01,0.072]
450 7.7% 0.072** [0.017,0.124] 0.03*** [0.011,0.05]
550 9.4% 0.07** [0.015,0.121] 0.033*** [0.012,0.055]
650 11.1% 0.067** [0.013,0.118] 0.036*** [0.012,0.06]
750 12.8% 0.064** [0.011,0.115] 0.038*** [0.013,0.064]
850 14.5% 0.062** [0.009,0.112] 0.039*** [0.012,0.067]
950 16.2% 0.059** [0.007,0.108] 0.04*** [0.012,0.069]
1050 17.9% 0.056** [0.005,0.106] 0.041*** [0.012,0.071]
1150 19.6% 0.054** [0.003,0.102] 0.041** [0.011,0.072]
1350 23.0% 0.048* [-0.003,0.095] 0.041** [0.009,0.073]
1450 24.7% 0.045* [-0.005,0.092] 0.04** [0.008,0.072]
1550 26.4% 0.042* [-0.008,0.089] 0.039** [0.006,0.072]
1650 28.1% 0.039 [-0.011,0.085] 0.038** [0.005,0.071]
1750 29.8% 0.036 [-0.014,0.082] 0.037** [0.003,0.07]
1850 31.5% 0.032 [-0.017,0.078] 0.035** [0.001,0.069]
1950 33.2% 0.029 [-0.021,0.074] 0.033* [0,0.067]
2050 34.9% 0.026 [-0.024,0.07] 0.031* [-.003,0.065]

GI: 1250 21.3% 0.056* [0,0.107] 0.044*** [0.013,0.075]