Table 7.

Vascular/Cardiac Surgery

Aoki and Suczawa [48]	Retrospective, 2014	Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Repair, 187 patients. TXA dose (1500 mg/day p.o. on day of EVAR until 6 months after) Aneurysm shrinkage in TXA group (80%) no TXA group (45%).
Faraoni and Goobie [49]	Randomized Trial, 2014	Compared two doses of TXA (30 mg/kg bolus + 16 mg/kg/hr infusion)(HIGH) or 5 mg/kg bolus + 5 mg/kg/hr (LOW) to NaCl (PLACEBO) in patients undergoing CPB. No difference in TXA dose on fibrinolysis or clinical outcomes (33 patients)
Siguat and Tremey [50]	Multicenter, RCT, 2013	Two dosing regimens were compared with the primary endpoint being the incidence of blood product transfusion to day 7. LOW dose (10 mg/kg bolus + 1 mg/kg/hr infusion) vs. HIGH dose (30 mg/kg bolus+ 16 mg/kg/hr infusion). High dose is more effective than low dose in decreasing transfusion needs but does not reduce the incidence of blood product transfusion to day 7. (569 patients)
Falana and Patel [51]	Retrospective, Observational Cohort, 2014	Efficacy and safety of TXA vs. Amicar. 120 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery who received at least one dose of TXA or Amicar. Efficacy outcome was perioperative hemorrhage defined as, chest tube drainage >1500ml in any 8 hr period, 10 or more units of RBCs, re-op for bleeding or death from hemorrhage within 30days. No difference in safety or efficacy was found. Amicar is cheaper and perhaps a better economic choice. (120 patients)
Hasegawa and Oshima [52]	Retrospective database review, 2014	Children <20 kg underwent bloodless cardiac surgery for simple procedures. TXA group compared to the no TXA group. TXA dose of 100 mg/kg in bolus + 10mg/kg/hr infusion. There were significant reductions in operative time, dopamine dose, peak serum lactate, intubation time, chest tube drainage, duration, and hospital stay. (71 patients)
Grassin-Delyle and Tremey [53]	Investigative Study, 2013	TXA LOW dose group (10 mg/kg+1 mg/kg/hr for the operation and 1 mg/kg into CPB pump). TXA HIGH dose grp (30 mg/kg + 16 mg/kg/hr and 2 mg/kg into CPB). Recommended dosing to maintain therapeutic plasma levels is 46 mg/kg infusion over 1 hour + 11 mg/kg hr (50-75kg patients) 10 mg/kg/hr (75-100kg patients) or 9 mg/kg/hr (100-125 kg patients) infusion over 3 hrs. (61 patients)
Wang and Zie [54]	Prospective, RCT, 2012	Off Pump Coronary Bypass. Patients received TXA (1 gm bolus followed by 400 mg/hr during surgery). Primary outcome: post-op chest tube drainage. TXA patients had a significant reduction in chest tube drainage, transfusion of blood and fresh frozen plasma. No difference in mortality morbidity or resources used. (231 patients)