Table 3. Pairwise correlations among the studied traits.
| APF | RPF | TPF | FLF | FWF | TFF | VLF | VWF | TVF | CF | WF | A | N | S | Dh | PA | WD | H | MH | MOE | LASA | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Axial parenchyma fraction | APF | 0.19 | 0.72 | -0.38 | -0.48 | -0.61 | -0.13 | -0.25 | -0.19 | -0.28 | -0.53 | 0.31 | -0.35 | 0.36 | 0.30 | 0.12 | -0.02 | 0.35 | 0.36 | -0.34 | 0.09 | |
| Ray parenchyma fraction* | RPF | 0.16 | 0.77 | -0.39 | -0.52 | -0.64 | -0.08 | -0.12 | -0.13 | -0.40 | -0.54 | 0.15 | -0.16 | 0.14 | 0.09 | 0.35 | -0.17 | 0.27 | 0.05 | -0.24 | 0.33 | |
| Total parenchyma fraction* | TPF | 0.75 | 0.77 | -0.52 | -0.70 | -0.85 | -0.10 | -0.23 | -0.17 | -0.46 | -0.74 | 0.30 | -0.29 | 0.30 | 0.24 | 0.35 | -0.16 | 0.41 | 0.25 | -0.41 | 0.34 | |
| Fibre lumen fraction* | FLF | -0.44 | -0.39 | -0.55 | 0.09 | 0.66 | -0.11 | -0.24 | -0.14 | -0.18 | 0.03 | 0.21 | -0.28 | 0.26 | 0.16 | 0.22 | -0.44 | 0.03 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.08 | |
| Fibre wall fraction* | FWF | -0.51 | -0.58 | -0.72 | 0.11 | 0.77 | -0.29 | 0.01 | -0.24 | 0.40 | 0.98 | -0.46 | 0.22 | -0.32 | -0.34 | -0.47 | 0.59 | -0.52 | -0.36 | 0.47 | -0.36 | |
| Total fibre fraction* | TFF | -0.64 | -0.66 | -0.86 | 0.69 | 0.79 | -0.25 | -0.13 | -0.24 | 0.19 | 0.72 | -0.16 | -0.03 | -0.06 | -0.10 | -0.19 | 0.14 | -0.33 | -0.18 | 0.38 | -0.15 | |
| Vessel lumen fraction* | VLF | -0.11 | -0.06 | -0.11 | -0.10 | -0.28 | -0.27 | 0.48 | 0.95 | -0.03 | -0.19 | 0.19 | 0.26 | -0.09 | 0.19 | 0.06 | -0.27 | 0.31 | 0.31 | -0.25 | 0.24 | |
| Vessel wall fraction | VWF | -0.25 | -0.13 | -0.25 | -0.22 | -0.03 | -0.16 | 0.50 | 0.70 | 0.22 | 0.19 | -0.42 | 0.66 | -0.58 | -0.43 | -0.18 | 0.10 | -0.06 | -0.15 | 0.10 | -0.22 | |
| Total vessel fraction* | TVF | -0.17 | -0.09 | -0.17 | -0.15 | -0.24 | -0.27 | 0.96 | 0.72 | 0.06 | -0.10 | 0.02 | 0.43 | -0.26 | 0.01 | -0.02 | -0.22 | 0.23 | 0.20 | -0.17 | 0.11 | |
| Conduits15μm fraction | CF | -0.31 | -0.41 | -0.47 | -0.06 | 0.30 | 0.18 | -0.14 | 0.29 | -0.02 | 0.45 | -0.49 | 0.53 | -0.54 | -0.38 | -0.54 | 0.40 | -0.66 | -0.52 | 0.16 | -0.67 | |
| WallF+V fraction* | WF | -0.55 | -0.59 | -0.76 | 0.06 | 0.98 | 0.75 | -0.18 | 0.16 | -0.09 | 0.35 | -0.53 | 0.34 | -0.43 | -0.42 | -0.49 | 0.60 | -0.53 | -0.39 | 0.50 | -0.40 | |
| Vessel area | A | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.28 | 0.23 | -0.37 | -0.13 | 0.17 | -0.45 | -0.00 | -0.53 | -0.46 | -0.85 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 0.45 | -0.47 | 0.64 | 0.65 | -0.44 | 0.58 | |
| Vessel number per area | N | -0.38 | -0.16 | -0.35 | -0.18 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.66 | 0.35 | 0.62 | 0.29 | -0.71 | -0.97 | -0.82 | -0.42 | 0.31 | -0.47 | -0.50 | 0.26 | -0.48 | |
| Vessel area to number ratio | S | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 0.26 | -0.28 | -0.04 | -0.13 | -0.51 | -0.27 | -0.39 | -0.37 | 0.88 | -0.56 | 0.88 | 0.43 | -0.40 | 0.55 | 0.58 | -0.31 | 0.52 | |
| Hydr. weighted diameter | Dh | 0.31 | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.16 | -0.28 | -0.11 | 0.19 | -0.48 | 0.00 | -0.57 | -0.37 | 0.94 | -0.79 | 0.76 | 0.35 | -0.35 | 0.52 | 0.57 | -0.44 | 0.54 | |
| Pith area | PA | 0.01 | 0.42 | 0.29 | 0.02 | -0.34 | -0.23 | 0.05 | -0.19 | -0.02 | -0.22 | -0.37 | 0.39 | -0.23 | 0.38 | 0.30 | -0.52 | 0.48 | 0.23 | -0.17 | 0.66 | |
| Wood density | WD | -0.04 | -0.24 | -0.18 | -0.44 | 0.60 | 0.17 | -0.28 | 0.11 | -0.19 | 0.34 | 0.62 | -0.54 | 0.24 | -0.51 | -0.41 | -0.41 | -0.36 | -0.31 | 0.27 | -0.39 | |
| Height | H | 0.38 | 0.26 | 0.42 | -0.03 | -0.52 | -0.40 | 0.29 | 0.01 | 0.24 | -0.51 | -0.51 | 0.48 | -0.40 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.15 | -0.36 | 0.83 | -0.47 | 0.58 | |
| Maximum height | MH | 0.37 | 0.02 | 0.25 | 0.09 | -0.32 | -0.18 | 0.28 | -0.16 | 0.17 | -0.53 | -0.34 | 0.53 | -0.50 | 0.37 | 0.58 | 0.02 | -0.33 | 0.78 | -0.40 | 0.46 | |
| Modulus of elasticity | MOE | -0.31 | -0.34 | -0.43 | 0.16 | 0.45 | 0.43 | -0.28 | 0.15 | -0.17 | 0.36 | 0.47 | -0.41 | 0.39 | -0.23 | -0.46 | -0.13 | 0.29 | -0.50 | -0.35 | -0.22 | |
| Leaf area/sapwood area | LASA | 0.03 | 0.39 | 0.28 | 0.08 | -0.29 | -0.16 | 0.20 | -0.23 | 0.09 | -0.55 | -0.33 | 0.60 | -0.46 | 0.48 | 0.55 | 0.59 | -0.43 | 0.35 | 0.29 | -0.27 |
Notes: Trait names abbreviations are derived from first letters of full trait names, except for A—vessel area, N—vessel number per area, S—vessel area to number ratio, and Dh—hydraulically weighted diameter. Significance levels: bold italic—P < 0.05, bold—P < 0.01, bold underlined—P < 0.001. Above diagonal—Spearman correlation coefficients, below diagonal—Pearson correlation coefficients.
*—normally distributed trait values (Shapiro-Wilk test, p < 0.05).