Table 1. Demographic characteristics of participants.
| Total study population N = 284 | HI study population N = 122 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HI | Controls | CI | HA | |
| No. of children | 122 | 162 | 52 | 70 |
| Age | ||||
| Mean—in years (SD) | 11.9 (1.8) | 11.9 (1.3) | 11.8 (2.0) | 12.0 (1.7) |
| Range—in months | 100–194 | 99–176 | 100–194 | 110–188 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male (%) | 60 (49) | 73 (45) | 24 (46) | 36 (51) |
| Socioeconomic Status (SD) | 11.5 (2.3) | 11.7 (2.3) | 11.7 (2.3) | 11.3 (2.4) |
| Nonverbal intelligence (SD) | 10.3 (2.8) | 10.7 (2.5) | 10.0 (2.7) | 10.5 (3) |
| Language Skills (SD) | 6.5 (2.7) | 7.0 (1.9) | 6.1 (2.8) | 6.7 (2.6) |
| Preferred mode of communication | ||||
| Oral language only (%) | 94 (77) | 39 (75) | 55 (78) | |
| Sign-supported Dutch (%) | 26 (21) | 13 (25) | 13 (19) | |
| Sign language only (%) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | |
| Type of education | ||||
| Regular education (%) | 74 (61) | 162 (100) * | 32 (62) | 42 (60) |
| Onset of hearing loss | ||||
| Prelingual (%) | 103 (84) | 48 (92) | 55 (78) * | |
| Perilingual (%) | 12 (10) | 2 (4) | 10 (14) * | |
| Unknown (%) | 7 (6) | 2 (4) | 5 (7) | |
| Degree of hearing loss | ||||
| Moderate—40–60 dB (%) | 29 (24) | 0 (0) | 29 (41) ** | |
| Severe—61–90 dB (%) | 25 (21) | 1 (2) | 24 (34) ** | |
| Profound—>90 dB (%) | 60 (49) | 49 (94) | 11 (16) ** | |
| Unknown | 8 (6) | 2 (4) | 6 (9) | |
| Age at detection of hearing loss—in months (SD) | 19.1 (15.7) | 14.6 (10.4) | 22.9 (18.3) ** | |
| Age at first hearing aid acquisition—in months (SD) | 24.8 (17.0) | 17.3 (10.2) | 31.2 (18.9) ** | |
| CI characteristics | ||||
| Age at implantation (CI)—in months (SD) | 44.5 (32.6) | |||
| Duration of CI use—in months (SD) | 99 (33) | |||
| Bilateral CI (%) | 13 (25) | |||
Abbreviations: HI Hearing Impaired, CI Cochlear Implant, HA Hearing Aid, SD Standard Deviation.
* p<.05,
** p<.01