(A) HUVEC cells were pretreated with DMSO(1) control or with 2.5 μM, 5 μM and 10 μM of DA, respectively, for 1 h at 37°C and were infected with Ctr (MOI-1) for 24 h. Or the cells were first infected with Ctr for 14 h and then treated with DMSO(2) control or with 5 μM, 10 μM and 20 μM DA, respectively, for 10 h. Cells were harvested for WB analysis. (B, C, D) Experiments were performed as (A) and immunostained for Ctr inclusion (Hsp60, green) and DNA (Draq5, blue). (B) The size of the inclusion was measured by ImageJ software. Shown is the mean ± SD of two independent experiments normalized to control. **P<0.01. Error bars show mean ± SD. Magnification is indicated in size bar.