Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Biochem Sci. 2015 Apr 13;40(5):257–264. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2015.03.005

Figure 4. Integrator role in RNAPII promoter proximal pause-release.

Figure 4

Top, under non-stimulated conditions, RNAPII initiates transcription and pauses 40-60 nucleotides downstream of the TSS. This paused complex includes the negative elongation factors NELF, DSIF, and likely INT through its association with the RNAPII CTD through ser7P recognition. Middle, upon activation, INT is further enriched at the pause site and recruits p-TEFb and SEC (see glossary), which phosphorylates DSIF, NELF, and ser2. Bottom, once phosphorylated, NELF is displaced, DSIF transitions into a positive regulator of elongation, and the polymerase is converted into an elongation competent state.