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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Mater. 2015 Feb 23;27(13):2216–2223. doi: 10.1002/adma.201405337

Figure 4. Phothoencapsulation of hMSCs and BMP-2 in OMA/GelMA coacervate hydrogels induces hMSC osteogenesis.

Figure 4

(a) Schematic illustration of in situ formation of BMP-2-loaded coacervate microdroplets-embedded hydrogel for osteogenic differentiation of photoencapsulated hMSC. (b) Release profiles of BMP-2 from photocrosslinked OMA/BMP-2 in GelMA and BMP-2 in OMA/GelMA coacervate microdroplet-laden hydrogels (N=5). (c–e), Live/Dead staining of encapsulated hMSCs in photocrosslinked (c) OMA/GelMA, (d) OMA/BMP-2 in GelMA and (e) BMP-2 in OMA/GelMA coacervate microdroplet-laden hydrogels after 28 days culture in osteogenic differentiation media. (f–h), Quantification of (f) ALP/DNA (N=6), and (g) relative Runx2 (N=6) and (h) BSP (N=6) gene expression in hMSCs encapsulated within hydrogels. (i–k), Mineralization of cell-hydrogel constructs analyzed by (i and j) Alizarin red staining and (j) quantification of calcium content (N=6) in the constructs. The scale bars indicate 100 μm. All quantitative data is expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey significant difference post hoc test using Origin software. *p<0.05 compared with BMP-2 in OMA/GelMA group at a specific time point. **p<0.05 compared with OMA/GelMA group at a specific time point.