Figure 2. Associations among olfactory performance, neuroimaging status, and TBI status (n = 231).

No attempt was made to further differentiate gradations of hyposmia because the delimiters that define such alterations have not been uniformly standardized. Olfactometry scores differed significantly among groups (p < 0.001, Kruskal–Wallis test) with significant differences noted between the group with abnormal neuroimaging (i.e., moderate/severe TBI) and each of the 4 groups, based on post hoc comparisons using a stepwise step-down procedure. No significant differences were found between any of the other groups. TBI = traumatic brain injury.