Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Males | Females | p-value 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ( n = 199) | (n = 196) | ||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Age (years) | 75.0 | 2.5 | 75.2 | 2.6 | 0.39 |
| Height (cm) | 173.0 | 6.5 | 158.9 | 6.0 | <0.001 |
| Weight (Kg)1 | 81.5 | 1.1 | 73.7 | 1.2 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2)1 | 27.1 | 1.1 | 27.1 | 1.2 | 0.26 |
| N | % | N | % | ||
| Smoker status | |||||
| Never smoked | 80 | 40.2 | 125 | 63.8 | |
| Current/Ex-smoker | 119 | 59.8 | 71 | 36.2 | <0.001 |
| Consumes alcohol (yes) | 187 | 94.0 | 134 | 68.4 | <0.001 |
| Education | |||||
| Primary or less | 40 | 20.1 | 38 | 19.4 | |
| Secondary | 101 | 50.8 | 84 | 42.9 | |
| College and/or University | 58 | 29.1 | 74 | 37.8 | 0.17 |
| Kellgren and Lawrence scale score | |||||
| 0 | 56 | 28.1 | 43 | 21.9 | |
| 1 | 67 | 33.7 | 70 | 35.7 | |
| 2 | 62 | 31.2 | 70 | 35.7 | |
| 3 | 12 | 6.0 | 12 | 6.1 | |
| 4 | 2 | 1.0 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.64 |
| Radiographic OA (yes) | 76 | 38.2 | 83 | 42.3 | 0.40 |
| Clinical Knee OA (yes) | 23 | 11.6 | 36 | 18.4 | 0.06 |
| Self-reported knee OA (yes) | 31 | 15.6 | 41 | 20.9 | 0.17 |
1Geometric mean and SD.
2p-value for differences between genders.