Table 18.
Current cigar smoking and bladder cancer by inhalation level, cigars per day, and duration
| Study | Cohort name | Inhalation level | Cigars per day | Duration (years) | Effect estimate | 95% CI | Measure | Primary/secondary* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 1 to 2 | 0.78 | (0.29, 1.71) | IRR | Primary | ||
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 3 to 4 | 1.68 | (0.77, 3.18) | IRR | Primary | ||
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 5+ | 2.03 | (0.97, 3.73) | IRR | Primary | ||
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 1 to 2 | 1.02 | (0.20, 2.97) | IRR | Secondary | ||
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 3 to 4 | 2.36 | (0.76, 5.50) | IRR | Secondary | ||
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 5+ | 0.32 | (0.00, 1.80) | IRR | Secondary | ||
| Shapiro2000 | CPS-II | 1 to 2 | 0 | (0.00, 0.00) | HR | Primary | ||
| Shapiro2000 | CPS-II | 3+ | 1.9 | (0.80, 4.40) | HR | Primary | ||
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | None | 1.57 | (1.00, 2.36) | IRR | Primary | ||
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | Moderate-deep | 1.52 | (0.02, 8.44) | IRR | Primary | ||
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | None | 0.77 | (0.21, 1.98) | IRR | Secondary | ||
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | Slight | 2.87 | (0.58, 8.40) | IRR | Secondary | ||
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | Moderate-deep | 1.45 | (0.16, 5.25) | IRR | Secondary | ||
| Shapiro2000 | CPS-II | No inhalation | 0.5 | (0.10, 2.10) | HR | Primary | ||
| Shapiro2000 | CPS-II | Inhalation | 3.6 | (1.30, 9.90) | HR | Primary | ||
| Shapiro2000 | CPS-II | <25 | 0 | (0.00, 0.00) | HR | Primary | ||
| Shapiro2000 | CPS-II | 25+ | 1.1 | (0.40, 2.70) | HR | Primary | ||
*Primary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with no previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking; secondary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking.