Table 26.
Current cigar smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by inhalation level and cigars per day
| Study | Cohort name | Inhalation level | Cigars per day | Effect estimate | 95% CI | Measure | Primary/secondary* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 1 to 2 | 1.39 | (0.74 2.38) | IRR | Primary | |
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 3 to 4 | 1.78 | (0.89 3.18) | IRR | Primary | |
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 5+ | 1.03 | (0.37 2.23) | IRR | Primary | |
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 1 to 2 | 2.64 | (1.06 5.44) | IRR | Secondary | |
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 3 to 4 | 4.33 | (2.07 7.97) | IRR | Secondary | |
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | 5+ | 6.68 | (3.82 10.85) | IRR | Secondary | |
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | None | 1.09 | (0.66 1.70) | IRR | Primary | |
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | Slight | 2.05 | (0.66 4.77) | IRR | Primary | |
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | Moderate-deep | 4.52 | (0.91 13.22) | IRR | Primary | |
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | None | 3.36 | (1.96 5.39) | IRR | Secondary | |
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | Slight | 7.68 | (3.31 15.14) | IRR | Secondary | |
| Shanks1998 | CPS-I | Moderate-deep | 5.84 | (2.34 12.02) | IRR | Secondary |
*Primary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with no previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking; secondary cigar smoking: current, exclusive cigar smoking with previous history of cigarette or pipe smoking.