Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the patients
| Variable | n | All (n = 647) | Survived (n = 540) | Died (n = 107) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 646 | 30 (22 to 42) | 30 (22 to 40) | 34 (26 to 45) | 0.003 |
| Sex (% male) | 646 | 483 (75%) | 409 (76%) | 74 (69%) | 0.14 |
| Temperature (°C) | 647 | 38.3 (37.5 to 39.0) | 38.3 (37.5 to 39.0) | 38 (37 to 39.0) | 0.04 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 646 | 76.7 (70 to 86.7) | 76.7 (70 to 86.7) | 79.2 (66.9 to 90.0) | 0.31 |
| Heart rate (beats/minute) | 641 | 106 (96 to 120) | 105 (95 to 120) | 113 (100 to 123) | 0.01 |
| Respiratory rate (breaths/minute) | 642 | 28 (24 to 32) | 28 (24 to 32) | 32 (28 to 40) | <0.001 |
| Glasgow coma scale score | 647 | 10 (8 to 15) | 10 (8 to 15) | 9 (7 to 13) | <0.001 |
| Haematocrit (%) | 646 | 30 (24 to 36) | 30 (24 to 36) | 30 (23 to 36) | 0.95 |
| Reticulocyte count (%) | 514 | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.2) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.2) | 0.5 (0.3 to 1.1) | 0.008 |
| Reticulocyte index | 517 | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.8) | 0.5 (0.3 to 0.9) | 0.4 (0.2 to 0.7) | 0.01 |
| White cell count (× 109/L) | 643 | 8.7 (6.2 to 12) | 8.1 (6 to 11.2) | 11.8 (9.1 to 16.3) | <0.001 |
| Platelet count (× 109/L) | 647 | 48 (30 to 72) | 50 (34 to 78) | 30 (22 to 52) | <0.001 |
| Mean platelet volume (fL) | 34 | 11.4 (10.4 to 12.4) | 11.5 (10.4 to 12.4) | 11.3 (11.2 to 12.6) | 0.82 |
| Parasite count (parasites/mL) | 639 | 90.4 (18.5 to 327.6) | 78.6 (16.1 to 326.7) | 101.8 (33.3 to 373.3) | 0.09 |
| Sequestration (% blocked capillaries) | 107 | 13.3 (3.3 to 31.5) | 10 (2.9 to 26.6) | 23.2 (10.0 to 44.0) | 0.008 |
| PfHRP2 (ng/mL) | 109 | 2,351 (1,198 to 4,805) | 2,187 (976 to 4,216) | 3,275 (1,479 to 6,406) | 0.07 |
| Lactate (mmol/L) | 640 | 3.5 (2.0 to 4.6) | 3.2 (2.0 to 4.6) | 5.7 (3.4 to 9.0) | <0.001 |
| Base deficit (mEq/L) | 395 | 5 (2 to 10) | 5 (2 to 8) | 11 (7 to 17) | <0.001 |
| Anuric on admission | 565 | 51/565 (9%) | 35/483 (7.3%) | 16/82 (19.5%) | <0.001 |
| Shock on admission | 647 | 47/647 (7.3%) | 27/540 (5%) | 20/107 (18.7%) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary oedema on admission | 646 | 15/646 (2.3%) | 8/539 (1.5%) | 7/107 (6.5%) | 0.002 |
| Bleeding on admission | 646 | 34/646 (5.2%) | 26/539 (4.8%) | 8/107 (7.5%) | 0.26 |
| Sodium (mmol/L) | 460 | 133 (127 to 138) | 133 (127 to 138) | 135 (130 to 140) | 0.02 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 525 | 4.0 (3.6 to 4.5) | 4.0 (3.5 to 4.5) | 4.2 (3.7 to 4.8) | 0.02 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 644 | 176 (123 to 282) | 176 (123 to 254) | 239 (146 to 441) | <0.001 |
| Total bilirubin (μmol/L) | 544 | 57.8 (30.6 to 146.2) | 51 (27.2 to 119.0) | 146.2 (52.7 to 248.2) | <0.001 |
| Direct bilirubin (μmol/L) | 420 | 27.2 (13.6 to 71.4) | 23.8 (13.6 to 64.6) | 62.9 (20.4 to 127.6) | <0.001 |
| Indirect bilirubin (μmol/L) | 420 | 34.8 (17.0 to 74.8) | 34 (14.4 to 64.6) | 73.1 (40.4 to 102.3) | <0.001 |
| Angiopoietin-2 (ng/mL) | 152 | 18.2 (10.2 to 29.8) | 13.5 (9.4 to 25.1) | 25 (14.8 to 41.0) | <0.001 |
The values represent the median (interquartile range) and absolute number (%). PfHRP2: Plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2.