Table 3.

Association of E-cadherin, p16, and RAR-β₂ hypermethylation with selected clinicopathological factors for breast cancer, WEB Study, 1996–2001^a

	E-cadherin		ORb (95% CI)	p16		ORb (95% CI)	RAR-β2		ORb (95% CI)
	Yes	No		Yes	No		Yes	No
Pre-menopausal
Tumor size (cm)
1.0	5	28	1.0	11	22	1.0	9	24	1.0
1.0–1.7	15	56	1.43 (0.57–3.62)	14	57	0.37 (0.16–0.84)	18	53	0.97 (0.43–2.15)
1.8–2.6	19	36	2.65 (1.06–6.62)	11	44	0.41 (0.17–0.97)	16	39	1.06 (0.46–2.45)
≥2.7	7	48	0.76 (0.26–2.23)	15	40	0.59 (0.26–1.34)	14	41	0.94 (0.40–2.19)
Metastatic disease at presentation
No	28	120	1.0	37	111	1.0	39	109	1.0
Yes	19	62	1.35 (0.69–2.63)	21	60	1.02 (0.55–1.91)	23	58	1.20 (0.65–2.23)
Vascular/lymph invasion
No	30	117	1.0	35	112	1.0	39	108	1.0
Yes	18	64	1.12 (0.57–2.18)	22	60	1.17 (0.63–2.18)	23	58	1.19 (0.64–2.18)
Histological grade
Well	3	16	1.0	0	19		8	11	1.0
Moderate	15	51	1.61 (0.64–4.04)	19	47		20	46	0.89 (0.42–1.91)
Poor	26	84	1.74 (0.75–4.06)	26	84		24	86	0.61 (0.30–1.25)
Nuclear grade
I	5	25	1.0	9	21	1.0	9	21	1.0
II	19	56	2.28 (0.83–6.24)	18	57	0.64 (0.29–1.44)	22	53	0.88 (0.40–1.95)
III	25	89	1.78 (0.67–4.73)	27	87	0.65 (0.31–1.38)	27	87	0.67 (0.31–1.45)
TNM stage
0	7	22	1.0	7	22	1.0	11	18	1.0
I	15	65	0.67 (0.28–1.62)	21	59	0.77 (0.34–1.74)	20	60	0.81 (0.36–1.84)
IIa/IIb	21	67	0.94 (0.41–2.17)	17	71	0.52 (0.23–1.19)	20	68	0.70 (0.31–1.58)
III/IV	2	21	0.25 (0.05–1.26)	9	14	1.52 (0.52–4.39)	10	13	2.03 (0.70–5.91)
ER status
+	28	112	1.0	36	104	1.0	43	97	1.0
−	16	64	1.06 (0.52–2.13)	22	58	1.07 (0.57–2.02)	16	64	0.62 (0.32–1.21)
PR status
+	28	120	1.0	40	108	1.0	39	109	1.0
−	16	51	1.42 (0.69–2.90)	15	52	0.74 (0.37–1.50)	19	48	1.26 (0.65–2.44)
ER/PR
Both +	23	98	1.0	29	92	1.0	36	85	1.0
Either +	10	32	1.34 (0.58–3.09)	17	25	2.21 (1.05–4.61)	8	34	0.54 (0.23–1.28)
Both −	11	39	1.08 (0.48–2.44)	9	41	0.64 (0.28–1.49)	13	37	1.00 (0.47–2.12)
p53 mutation
Wild	30	119	1.0	38	111	1.0	40	109	1.0
Mutant	15	49	1.15 (0.56–2.34)	16	48	1.0 (0.50–1.98)	17	47	1.02 (0.52–2.00)
Postmenopausal
Tumor size (cm)
< 0.9	29	84	1.0	25	88	1.0	39	74	1.0
0.9–1.4	22	120	0.59 (0.33–1.06)	40	102	1.32 (0.79–2.21)	38	104	0.83 (0.51–1.37)
1.5–1.9	22	69	1.04 (0.57–1.90)	27	64	1.43 (0.81–2.56)	22	69	0.73 (0.41–1.30)
≥2.0	28	138	0.67 (0.39–1.16)	42	124	1.17 (0.70–1.94)	46	120	0.88 (0.55–1.41)
Metastatic disease at presentation
No	87	318	1.0	109	296	1.0	107	298	1.0
Yes	19	107	0.67 (0.39–1.15)	27	99	0.75 (0.46–1.21)	39	87	1.24 (0.80–1.93)
Vascular/lymph invasion
No	78	309	1.0	105	282	1.0	102	285	1.0
Yes	21	110	0.77 (0.45–1.31)	31	100	0.84 (0.53–1.33)	39	92	1.18 (0.76–1.83)
Histological grade
Well	13	50	1.0	19	44	1.0	20	43	1.0
Moderate	36	138	1.32 (0.77–2.25)	46	128	1.12 (0.70–1.80)	40	134	0.59 (0.37–0.94)
Poor	44	159	1.43 (0.86–2.40)	55	148	1.18 (0.74–1.86)	53	150	0.69 (0.44–1.07)
Nuclear grade
I	24	91	1.0	29	86	1.0	33	82	1.0
II	41	149	1.38 (0.82–2.34)	49	141	1.03 (0.64–1.64)	47	143	0.67 (0.42–1.05)
III	40	155	1.38 (0.81–2.35)	52	143	1.11 (0.69–1.77)	50	145	0.68 (0.43–1.07)
TNM stage
0	10	52	1.0	14	48	1.0	17	45	1.0
I	53	202	0.99 (0.59–1.66)	72	183	1.19 (0.73–1.92)	67	188	1.02 (0.63–1.65)
IIa/IIb	26	128	0.80 (0.44–1.45)	40	114	1.09 (0.63–1.86)	48	106	1.30 (0.77–2.19)
III/IV	4	20	0.79 (0.25–2.50)	2	22	0.28 (0.06–1.25)	8	16	1.42 (0.56–3.62)
ER status
+	81	310	1.0	92	299	1.0	111	280	1.0
−	29	124	0.92 (0.57–1.48)	48	105	1.51 (1.01–2.32)	39	114	0.86 (0.56–1.32)
PR status
+	59	266	1.0	78	247	1.0	94	231	1.0
−	46	156	1.41 (0.91–2.18)	56	146	1.25 (0.83–1.87)	53	149	0.86 (0.58–1.28)
ER/PR
Both +	56	240	1.0	70	226	1.0	86	210	1.0
Either +	22	85	1.18 (0.68–2.04)	27	80	1.06 (0.64–1.76)	29	78	0.91 (0.56–1.48)
Both −	26	94	1.27 (0.76–2.14)	37	83	1.42 (0.89–2.25)	30	90	0.81 (0.50–1.30)
p53 mutation
Wild	66	276	1.0	96	246	1.0	92	250	1.0
Mutant	25	104	1.01 (0.60–1.69)	34	95	0.91 (0.58–1.45)	38	91	1.13 (0.72–1.76)

^aNumbers for some analyses are less than total for entire group because of missing variables

^bOdds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated with unconditional logistic model adjusted for age at diagnosis for breast cancer, race, and education