Table 1.
Medical and Demographic Characteristics of Prostate Cancer Cases Who Underwent Radical Prostatectomy and Population-Based Controls, by Tumor TMPRSS2:ERG Gene Fusion Status, King County, Washington, 1993–1996 and 2002–2005
| Factor | Controls (n = 1,645) |
Cases |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
T2E-Negative (n = 268) |
T2E-Positive (n = 295) |
|||||
| No.a | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| Age at reference date, yearsb | 59.2 (7.2) | 59.3 (6.9) | 56.9 (6.6) | |||
| Race | ||||||
| White | 1,529 | 92.9 | 238 | 88.8 | 280 | 94.9 |
| Black | 116 | 7.1 | 30 | 11.2 | 15 | 5.1 |
| Positive family history of prostate cancerc | 178 | 10.8 | 64 | 23.9 | 63 | 21.4 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never smoker | 695 | 42.3 | 112 | 41.8 | 128 | 43.4 |
| Former smoker | 716 | 43.6 | 133 | 49.6 | 135 | 45.8 |
| Current smoker | 233 | 14.2 | 23 | 8.6 | 32 | 10.9 |
| Positive history of diabetes | 148 | 9.0 | 11 | 4.1 | 12 | 4.1 |
| Educational level | ||||||
| High school or less | 314 | 19.1 | 47 | 17.5 | 46 | 15.6 |
| Some college or vocational school | 401 | 24.4 | 71 | 26.5 | 67 | 22.7 |
| Bachelor's degree | 453 | 27.6 | 84 | 31.3 | 93 | 31.5 |
| Graduate degree | 476 | 29.0 | 66 | 24.6 | 89 | 30.2 |
| Annual household income | ||||||
| <$50,000 | 570 | 34.7 | 74 | 27.6 | 64 | 21.7 |
| $50,000–$99,999 | 672 | 40.9 | 103 | 38.4 | 119 | 40.3 |
| ≥$100,000 | 369 | 22.4 | 85 | 31.7 | 104 | 35.3 |
| Unknown | 34 | 2.1 | 6 | 2.2 | 8 | 2.7 |
| Frequency of strenuous physical activity, times/week | ||||||
| 0 | 353 | 21.5 | 48 | 17.9 | 68 | 23.1 |
| 1 | 354 | 21.5 | 49 | 18.3 | 65 | 22.1 |
| 2–3 | 517 | 31.5 | 105 | 39.2 | 89 | 30.3 |
| ≥4 | 420 | 25.6 | 66 | 24.6 | 72 | 24.5 |
| No. of PSA screening tests within past 5 years | ||||||
| 0 | 596 | 36.2 | 49 | 18.3 | 70 | 23.7 |
| 1–2 | 303 | 18.4 | 62 | 23.1 | 71 | 24.1 |
| 3–4 | 188 | 11.4 | 53 | 19.8 | 63 | 21.4 |
| ≥5 | 290 | 17.6 | 91 | 34.0 | 78 | 26.4 |
| Unknown | 268 | 16.3 | 13 | 4.9 | 13 | 4.4 |
| PSA level, ng/mLd | ||||||
| <4.0 | 1,259 | 76.5 | 33 | 12.3 | 54 | 18.3 |
| 4.0–9.9 | 81 | 4.9 | 156 | 58.2 | 176 | 59.7 |
| ≥10.0 | 18 | 1.1 | 62 | 23.1 | 48 | 16.3 |
| Unknown/no PSA test | 287 | 17.5 | 17 | 6.3 | 17 | 5.8 |
| Gleason scoree | ||||||
| ≤6 | 117 | 43.7 | 161 | 54.6 | ||
| 7 (3 + 4) | 96 | 35.8 | 100 | 33.9 | ||
| 7 (4 + 3) | 32 | 11.9 | 15 | 5.1 | ||
| 8–10 | 23 | 8.6 | 19 | 6.4 | ||
| Tumor pathological stage | ||||||
| Local (T2) | 186 | 69.4 | 200 | 67.8 | ||
| Regional (T3) | 82 | 30.6 | 95 | 32.2 | ||
Abbreviations: ERG, ETS-related gene; ETS, erythroblast transformation-specific; PSA, prostate-specific antigen; T2E, TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion; TMPRSS2, transmembrane protease, serine 2, gene.
a Numbers in some sections of the table do not add up to the totals because of missing data.
b Value is presented as mean (standard deviation). Age ranges (in years) were 40–74 for controls, 42–74 for T2E-negative cases, and 35–72 for T2E-positive cases.
c History of prostate cancer in a first-degree relative.
d PSA level was measured at diagnosis for cases and at interview for controls.
e Gleason grade describes 5 distinct patterns of glandular differentiation and growth of tumor cells based on microscopic appearance. The most common (primary) tumor pattern and the second most common (secondary) tumor pattern are each given a grade of 1–5. The primary and secondary grades are then combined to create a Gleason score or sum, which ranges from 2 (well differentiated) to 10 (poorly differentiated, anaplastic) (16).