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. 2015 Feb 10;145(1):98–107. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv034

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© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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FIG. 4. — Changes in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expression with time in primary bronchial epithelial cell (PBEC) monolayer cultures after challenge with ultrafine underground railway particulate matter (PM). Healthy donor PBEC monolayer cultures were challenged with 5.6 µg/cm² ultrafine underground railway PM. At various time points, cells were lysed and gene expression determined by RT-qPCR. Data calculated by the ΔΔCt method, normalizing first to housekeeping gene (ubiquitin C [UBC]/glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase [GAPDH]) expression for ΔCt, and then to expression of control (PM-free) wells for each timepoint for ΔΔCt. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 vs. UF PM-free control at respective timepoint, n = 3 healthy donors.