Table 3. Parameters of P. vindemmiae foundresses from the conspecific hyperparasitism and primary parasitism.

	Sample size	Longevity (d)	Number of offspring	DI	SP
Hyperparasitism	18	9.94 ± 2.80	12.72 ± 5.61	0.46 ± 0.24	0.43 ± 0.39
Primary parasitism	20	14.55 ± 6.45	55.74 ± 31.04	0.72 ± 0.27	0.55 ± 0.38
Significance		F 1, 36 = 8.74**	F 1, 36 = 53.72**	F 1, 376 = 47.30**	F 1, 374 = 8.55**

* represents P < 0.05

** represents P < 0.01

DI and SP represent the degree of infestation and the success rate of parasitism, respectively.