Table 5. Multigroup results for cross-lagged analysis of Hyperarousal Symptoms.

Model	S-B χ 2	df	CFI	TLI	RMSEA	SRMR	BIC	S-B Δχ 2
Model 1 (configural)	922.85	564	.95	.94	.028 (.025 -. 031)	.05	79288.34	—
Model 2 (temporal invariance)	947.40	592	.95	.94	.027 (.024 -. 030)	.05	79114.27	28, 19.55
Model 3 (metric invariance)	1014.77	599	.94	.93	.026 (.026 -. 032)	.06	79140.53	35, 73.61**
Model 1 Jew (all cross-lagged paths free)	528.22	300	.95	.95	.026 (.022 -. 029)	.05	55219.40	—
Model 2 Jews (T1 PTSD-H to T2 PTG = 0)	529.49	301	.95	.95	.026 (.022 -. 029)	.05	55213.98	1,. 99
Model 3 Jews (T1 PTG to T2 PTSD-H = 0)	535.28	301	.95	.94	.026 (.023 -. 030)	.05	55220.73	1, 7.22*
Model 4 Jews (T2 PTSD-H to T3 PTG = 0)	528.02	301	.95	.95	.026 (.022 -. 029)	.05	55212.95	1,-.11
Model 5 Jews (T2 PTG to T3 PTSD-H = 0)	541.24	301	.95	.94	.027 (.023 -. 030)	.06	55228.77	1, 10.18**
Model 1 PCI (all cross-lagged paths free)	471.51	300	.90	.89	.029 (.029 -. 040)	.08	23736.90	—
Model 2 PCI (T1 PTSD-H to T2 PTG = 0)	473.64	301	.90	.89	.035 (.029 -. 041)	.08	23733.20	1, 1.65
Model 3 PCI (T1 PTG to T2 PTSD-H = 0)	474.85	301	.90	.89	.035 (.029 -. 041)	.08	23733.96	1, 3.39
Model 4 PCI (T2 PTSD-H to T3 PTG = 0)	471.49	301	.90	.89	.034 (.028 -. 040)	.08	23730.78	1, -0.03
Model 5 PCI (T2 PTG to T3 PTSD-H = 0)	474.91	301	.90	.89	.035 (.029 -. 041)	.08	23734.48	1, 2.64

S-B χ ^{2 =} Sattora-Bentler χ ². CFI = comparative fit index. TLI = Tucker Lewis Index. RMSEA = root mean square of approximation. SRMR = standardized root mean square residual. BIC = Bayesian information criterion. S-B Δχ ^{2 =} Sattora-Bentler χ ² difference test. PCI = Palestinian Citizen of Israel. PTG = posttraumatic growth. PTSD-H = posttraumatic stress disorder hyperarousal symptoms.

*p <. 05.

**p <. 001.