Table 2. Multiple linear regression of maternal retinal microvasculature at 26–28 weeks vs. fetal biometry at 32–34 weeks and neonatal biometry at birth.
| Head circumference | Abdominal circumference | Weight | Length | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE), mm | β (SE), mm | β (SE), g | β (SE), mm | |||||
| 32 wks 1 | Delivery 2 | 32 wks 1 | Delivery 2 | 32 wks 1 | Delivery 2 | 32 wks 1 | Delivery 2 | |
| Caliber, per 10 μm ↓ * | ||||||||
| Arteriole | -1.36 (0.60) | -1.50 (0.70) | -1.68 (0.89) | -2.30 (1.40) | -48.26 (14.87) | -28.86 (19.89) | -2.80 (0.80) | -2.30 (1.00) |
| p value | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.09 | 0.001 | 0.15 | 0.001 | 0.03 |
| Venule | 0.34 (0.43) | 1.10 (0.50) | 0.42 (0.65) | 1.70 (1.00) | 20.19 (10.79) | 16.91 (14.47) | 0.80 (0.60) | 1.00 (0.70) |
| p value | 0.43 | 0.03 | 0.52 | 0.08 | 0.06 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 0.17 |
| Fractal dimension, per SD ↓ | ||||||||
| Arteriole | -1.55 (0.43) | -1.08 (0.52) | -1.06 (0.67) | -1.44 (0.99) | -27.49 (11.20) | -46.42 (14.68) | -1.88 (0.62) | -1.17 (0.78) |
| (SD = 0.05Df) | ||||||||
| p value | <0.001 | 0.04 | 0.11 | 0.15 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.13 |
| Venule | -1.10 (0.43) | -0.26 (0.53) | -0.20 (0.68) | -1.41 (1.00) | -16.89 (11.38) | -26.87 (15.02) | -1.36 (0.63) | 0.10 (0.79) |
| (SD = 0.04Df) | ||||||||
| p value | 0.01 | 0.62 | 0.76 | 0.16 | 0.14 | 0.07 | 0.03 | 0.90 |
SE, standard error; SD, standard deviation.
1Model 1: Adjust for age, ethnicity, household income, maternal smoking history, birth order, hypertension history, gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis at 26 weeks, body mass index at 26 weeks, baby gender and related fetal growth parameters at baseline.
2Model 2: Model 1, and gestational age.
*Model for retinal caliber was additionally adjusted for fellow vessel (CRAE for CRVE, CRVE for CRAE).
26 weeks and 32 weeks fetal weight (gram) is calculated by formula (Shepard et al): Log 10 EFW = -1.7492 + 0.166 (biparietal diameter [mm]) + 0.046 (abdominal circumference [mm])-2.646 (abdominal circumference [mm] * biparietal diameter [mm])/100
26 weeks and 32 weeks fetal length (cm) is calculated by formula (Vintzileos et al): 6.18 + 0.59 x femur length (mm)